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History & systems chapters 7,8,9,10,11
test2
62
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/26/2011

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Cards

Term
Synthetic Psychology
Definition
Spencer: knowledge and experience can be explained by evolution
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
Spencer: evolution applies to everything including mind & behavior
Term
Chicago School
Definition
Functionalism
Term
Dynamic psychology
Definition
Woodworth: motivations & psychology which cause behavior
Term
Habit
Definition
James: physiological influences on behavior
Term
Stream of Consciousness
Definition
James: consciousness is a continuous flowing process & attempts to reduce it to its elements destroy it
Term
Prgmatism
Definition
James: doctrine that validity of ideas is measured by their practical consequences
Term
3-part self
Definition
James: material, social, & spiritual self
Term
Variability Hypothesis
Definition
Calkins & James: men show wider range & variation of physical & mental development than women; the abilities of women are more average
Term
innate motherhood instinct
Definition
Leta Hollingworth: social, not biological influences drive women to motherhood
Term
Recapitulation Theory
Definition
Hall: psychological development of children repeats the history of the human race
Term
Chicago School
Definition
functionalism
Term
Functionalism according to Carr
Definition
psychology as mental activity- memory perception, feeling, imagination, judgement, & will.
Term
Dynamic Psychology
Definition
Woodworth: influence of causal factors & motivations on feelings and behavior
Term
Coca-Cola Story
Definition
Hollingworth - sought to prove that caffeine was not a drug
Term
Mental Test
Definition
Cattell: tests of motor skills & sensory capacities; intelligence tests use more complex measures of mental abilities
Term
Mental Age
Definition
Terman & Binet: teh age at which children of average ability can perform certain tasks
Term
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Definition
Stanford binet: mental age/chronological age * 100
Term
Army Alpha & Army Beta
Definition
Otis: beta - non english speaking & illiterate
Term
Ellis Island
Definition
Goddard: racial differences in IQ
Term
draw a man test
Definition
Florence L. Goodenough: non-verbal IQ test for kids
Term
Clinical Psychology
Definition
Witmer: concerns children with educational difficulties
Term
Industrial Organizational Psychology
Definition
Scott: Psychology of Advertising & Business
Term
Hawthorne Studies
Definition
multi-year study regarding human relations, motivation, & morale. Work environment employee study.
Term
clever Hans
Definition
horse thought to be able to do math problems - really only ressponded to head movements.
Term
Tropism
Definition
Involuntary forced movement
Term
Associative Memory
Definition
Loeb: association between S/R to indicate consciousness in animals
Term
Puzzle Box
Definition
Thorndike: Mechanism from which cats had to escape using a lever
Term
Connectionism
Definition
Thorndike approach to learning based on S/R connections
Term
Trial-And-Error learning
Definition
Thorndike: Accidental success learning is based on repetition of response tendencies that lead to success
Term
Law of Effect
Definition
Thorndike: Acts that produce satisfaction in a given situation become associated with the situation; when the situation recurs, the act is likely to recur
Term
Law of exercise
Definition
Thorndike: Law of use & disuse says that the more an act or response is used in a given situation, the more strongly the act becomes associated with that situation
Term
Conditioned reflexes
Definition
Pavlov: reflexes that are conditional or dependent on the formation of an association or connection between S/R
Term
Psychic reflexes
Definition
Pavlov original name for conditioned reflexes
Term
Tower of Silence
Definition
Pavlov's lab that created a sterile experimental environment
Term
knee jerk reflex-
Definition
Twitmyer's studies on stimulus
Term
Associated Reflexes
Definition
Bekhterev: reflexes that can be elicited not only by unconditioned stimuli but also by stimuli that hav become associated with that unconditioned stimuli
Term
Little Albert
Definition
Watson's famous subject- steel bar unconditioned response fear
Term
Emotion
Definition
Watson: fear, rage, love
Term
Law of Mass Action
Definition
Lahley: the efficiency of learning is a function of the total mass of cortical tissue
Term
Equipotentiality
Definition
Lashley: The idea that one part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning
Term
Implicit response
Definition
responses that can't be overtly seen (aka body temperature) but are measureable
Term
explicit responses
Definition
responses that can be overtly seen
Term
free will
Definition
Watson & McDougall debates: Watson did not believe in free will - McDougall did
Term
Operationism
Definition
Bridgman: physical concept can be defined in precise terms related to the set of operations or procedures by which it is determined
Term
Purposive Behaviorism
Definition
Tolman: combining objective study of behavior with consideration of purposiveness or goal orientation in behavior
Term
Intervening variable
Definition
Tolman: unobserved & inferred factors in an organism that determine behavior
Term
Drive
Definition
Hull: state of tissue need that arouses or activates behavior
Term
Hypothetic-deductive method
Definition
Hull: method for establishing postulates from experimentally testable conclusions that can be deduced
Term
law of Primary Reinforcement
Definition
Hull: S?R relationship is followed by a reduction in bodily need, the probability increases that later the same stimulus will evoke the same response
Term
Habit Strength
Definition
Hull: The strength of the S?R connection which is a number of reinforcements
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
Skinner: learning situation that involves behavior emitted by an organism rather than elicited by a detectable stimulus
Term
Law of acquisition
Definition
Skinner: the strength of an operant behavior is increased when it is followed byt eh presentation of a reinforcing stimulus
Term
Behavior Modification
Definition
Skinner: the use of positive reinforcement to control or modify behaviors of individuals or groups
Term
Vicarious reinforcement
Definition
Bandura: learning can occur by observation of consequences of others' behavior
Term
Self-efficacy
Definition
Bandura: ones sense of self esteem and competence in dealing with life problems
Term
Locus of control
Definition
Rotter: perceived sources of reinforcement: Internal vs. External. Example: internal - I studied hard and got an A. External - the test was easy, so I got an A
Term
IQ zoo
Definition
Skinner: trained animals who performed complex behaviors
Term
Methodological behaviorism
Definition
label for behaviorists who include internal states int heir systems
Term
Primary Drives
Definition
Hull: innate biological need states
Term
Radical Behaviorism
Definition
Skinner & Watson's view of behavior free from internal states
Term
Operationism
Definition
Bridgman: Variables are defined based on how they can be measured
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