9-4  Justinian as world conqueror (Barberini Ivory), mid-sixth century, Ivory

530, justinian’s rule, seen as demi God, pope and emperor combine

rebuilt the Hagia Sophia. this is a justification of his rule.

• ivory- imported from africa(expensive)

• plaque made to fit over gov. documents

• style- roman motiq, head sideways on houres, someone at bottom helping, andels, looks natural.

• very roman, out of proportion, spiritual and real mix

• all about ratification of his rule over spiritual and earth world. used hierarchy to organize

• bottom

• different animals represent diff things. tiger represents India (lion= africa)

• left gown of victory being given

• earth goddess under the houres- earth supports him, plenty comes from his rule

• top sides

• angels (used to be nikis)

• at top middle

• jesus- figures are symbols of blessing.

  
  

9-5

title- Hagia Sophia, Istanbul,Turkey, 532-537 CE

Hagia sophia- means holy wisdom

• church, has prayer towers and mosque all around

• once was a mosque

• rebuilt-after civil unrest, ppl mad and tour it down

• first cathedral dome church.

• combo of all architecture since the parthenon

• dome-180 ft in diameter, 40 windows, 180 ft high

• rood- separated alter from ppl

• lots of light, in religion light symbolized, truth, inspiration presents of God.

• was made to dematerialize, back to the basics. transfers you to a different world of god. not remind you of yours

• pure gold used on mosaics, byzantine feature  

• weight of dome channeled through pires, new column order “historiating”

• pendentives- help support the dome, takes the stress away and releives to the ground.

• new idea, wanted to create space that dissolved the way away

  
  

9-13 Justinian, Apes of the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 547CE

• central dobe church

• not supposed to focus on body, can tell their lives by what they are wearing

• christ in mandors(egg thing) handing crown to ________ church being given over from priest to jesus, clouds up above

• feet splayed, kinda floating there, not really human like

• show dominance by

• purple robe

• arm in front of bishop

• foot in front of military

• he rules over both

• justinus bringing bread to alter, mosaic

• leading ppl down aisle, has halo, wearing purple, and fancy shoes

• 100 shells to die a garment  purple

• wife other side of wall has chalice, elaborate headdress, and a halo.

• 3 wise men at bottom of dress

11-13 Saint Matthew, folio 15 recto of the Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of Charlemagne), from Aachen, Germany, ca. 800-810, ink and tempera on vellum

• medieval

• more realist compared to byzantine version

• looks like more human

• follows more roman art- natural

• shading- shadow-  create 3D image\foot coming out- perspective

• cushion is responding to body weight

11-16 Crucifixion, from cover of the Lindau Gospels, from Saint Gall, Switzerland, ca. 870, gold, precious stones and pearls

• bookcover to gospels, very elaborate,  

• body created in natural way even though a bit expressionless

• loincloth- 3D

• gold is talked about in bible

• gold is not pure, when melted down you find impurities and remove them.

• sins being removed

• purity

• lots of gems

• gems= magnificents, wanted to show magnifications of Jesus by covering him with magnificents. reflects what is inside-magnificents

11-24 Doors with relief panels (Genesis, left door; life of Christ, right door), commissioned by Bishop Bern­ward for Saint Michaels, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015, bronze

she will show a pic of the door and church

• solid bronze, weighs a lot (lost wax method-molding and pouring sculpture. very complicated. method lost to us now)

• artist eliminates detail --> quick look you know what's going on

• why it was made

• for monks to look at

• tripology- new and old testament compared

• jesus crucified -->adam and eve eat fruit -->he died for them for their sins

• left old testament, right new testament

• stories are paired to show connection

• old include

• adam and eve meet, god taken rib, they eat fruit, covering themselves

• new

• christ comes, gets crucified

• will focus on the panel where adam and eve feel ashamed and cover themselves.

• implied line --> God looks and points--> adem looks down --> eve points to devil (snake)

12-1 Last Judgment, Saint-Lazare, Autun, France, ca. 1120-1135, marble

• romenesc- roman arch

• could decorate more as a way to teach ppl

• decorate--> outside and on arch

• lots of figures crowded to show story

• christ seen in byzantine style

• mandora separates him from the world

• from the world just out of this world

• on the shield-------shell--> ____ cross--> jerusalem

• use of line--> depicts states of being

• heaven curvy following

• devel straight line like stiff

• christ just decorative

• figures conform to the shape of the architecture

• bent over to fit the curve of the arch

12-7 Interior of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, ca. 1070-1120

• units within the architecture are all united together because of voting, ha

• first time this happened

• romenesc (tell why does the church change from romenesc)

• design changes

• ppl start going not just the high up and religious ppl

• they believe apocalypse is coming -->famine, plagues, therefore ppl flock to church

• called a pilgrimage church

• on pilgrimages ppl are called pilgrimage

• thousands come on daily bases

• had handbooks to tell ppl what ppl looked like in other places

• told of good restaurants

• what to look out for

• the pope called for pilgrimage

• muslims had taken dome of the rock where Mahomet went heaven

• sacred to christians also and he wanted it back--> pushed them out of spain just not jerusalem

• romenesc-->used oman arch--> they showed it on aqueducs

• body of christ (bread) holy relics down the aisle.

12-14 Pentecost La Madeleine, Vézelay, France, 1120-1132

• pentecost and mission of Apostles, church of vezelay, france, 1120-113

• romanesc

• holy ghost radiating out of hands

• line being used to descriptive way

• dont need detail on pentecost, but why they chose that design

• figures conform to the shape of the architecture

• bent over to fit the curve of the arch

12-19 Virgin and Child, from Auvergne, France, second half of the 12th century, painted wood

• 2’7” high

• byzantine

• will be compare and contrast with other gold one(talk about them together)

• romanesc

• french court changed it from wood to gold or they influenced it

• pose is known as ____

• on throne of wisdom

• more a caretaker of child

• child on thron also, judging, showing wisdom, taking authority

• everything very stiff (egypt)

• she stares off into distance(beyond this world)

• no emotion, just judge and rule

  
  

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13-2 Ambulatory and radiating chapels, abbey church, Saint-Denis, France, 1140-1144

• tital- Saint-Denis, France, 1140-1144

• ribbed and pointed arch

• not super high yet --> no flying buttress

• started building higher for windows --> years latter Suger builds higher with flying buttress

13-6 Royal Portal, west façade, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145-1155

• old testemate

• shows jesus holding up the church

• next jesus being questioned to see if he is worthy

• top mary and jesus on throne of wisdom

• along the arch ______

• not worried about size

• can see difference in humanity

• first cathedral to EVER have mary on it

  
  

13-7 Old Testament kings and queen, jamb figures, central doorway of the Royal Portal, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145-1155

• figures become less isolated, depicted are royalty, act very courtly(manners matter --> how good your manners are how good a christian you are), from the book of kings

• naturalism --> woman talking, wrinkles on forehead

• first time mary is ever depicted on a church

• bodies on side of columns, each individual different, know them by what they carry

• at bottom of arch shows jesus birth very sad, like death, show sacrifice already

  
  

13-17 Rose window and lancets, north transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1220, stained glass, rose window

talk about the use of light and dematerialize of the walls (used to lift one's sole up to the heavens, transport you to that world)

• flower represented in “Adam and Eve” --> flower represented as mary rejuvenating women. (rose often associated with mary)

• figures on columns --> seen as holding up and supporting the church. they lead you to the church, inviting you in.

• important figures at top

• mary her life, jesus

• disciples

• saints

• ppl who worked in the community (carpender, glass makers, ect)

• 21,000 sq ft of window, encyclopedia on new and old testament

• top --> most mystical stuff happens (jesus healing)

• middel--> the ppl who show us the way (disciples, saints)

• bottom -->workers

• mary in center as prominent figure, jesus on her lap

13-25 Interior of the upper chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France, 1243-1248

• 6450 square feet of stained glass--> all about the passion and crucifixion of christ

• all storing relate back to the  passion and crucifixion

• king luy the 9th --> private chapel

• can be seen as reliquary it has

• crown of thrones

• spunge

• lance that pierced his side

• parts of the crown

13-37 Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux, from the abbey church of Saint-Denis, France, 1339

• once had a crown on --> queen of heaven

• crucifiction of christ on box

• holds the fleur de lis --> sign of french monarchy

• conoposto position

• vs. romanesc

• less harsh

• looks like a child

• romenesc = very serious not motherly

• very stiff not approachable, wood,  block like

• mary sad look, knows what will happen to her son

• made of gold to reflect their magnificence

• jesus hold globe --> ruler of earth

13-39 Aerial view of Salisbury Cathedral, Sailsbury, England, 1220-1258

• french want to build high, english done. they didnt have enough materials. they didnt have a lot of flying buttresses

• more of a division between levels

• no rose window

• not as wide as french gothic, towers on front

• has a central towner

• has double crosses

13-46 Death of the Virgin, tympanum of left doorway, south transept, Strasbourg Cathedral, ca.1230

• subject matter--> mary dead ->christ come back to bring her soul to heaven (little doll thing in his hand)

• naturalizm--> everyone sad in some way -->show emotion

• postier

• they are leaning in toward her

• john embraces her,

• prob mary Magdalin beside her

• possibly peter at feet

• drapery- thin on her(can see her hand underneath), thicker on the end of bed and hanging off(trying to show different fabric) trying to be more natural

• more proportional in scale

• shows a narrative in one seen

• christ / mary center

• crusifiction is represented by grape vine

  
  

weight of dome channeled through pires, new column order

help support the dome, takes the stress away and releives to the ground.