Term
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Definition
The world exists eternally, and the movement of all things is an unceasing movement
Scientific Method
Speed of falling depends on weight and medium
Tutored Alexander the great |
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Definition
287-212 BC, Greek
Mechanical methods can suggest the truth of mathematical propositions
Greatest mathematician of ancient times
Archimede's Principle
Buoyancy |
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Definition
100-175 Egyptian
Codified the geocentric view of the universe
Rationalized apparent motions of the planets |
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Definition
1473-1544 Polish
Astronomer
Earth is not center of universe
Motion is relative |
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Definition
1564-1642 Italian
Earth is not center of universe
disproved aristotle
controlled experimentation and quantitative methods yield better results than casual observations and discussion
universe is written in language of math |
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Term
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Definition
1546-1601 Swedish
Astronomer who designed, built, and calibrated new instruments
Most accurate observations
Proved celestial spheres were improbable
Did not accept heliocentric theory, but saw advantages of it |
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Term
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Definition
1571-1630 German
planets move in elliptical orbits
velocities of planets are not uniform
velocities of planets are relative to each other
force emanating from sun governs planets |
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Term
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Definition
1642-1727 English
Invented Calculus
Clarified concepts of inertia and force
3 laws of motion
composite nature of white light
true science is based on experimentation |
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Term
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Definition
1736-1819 Scottish
Improved Newcomen Steam Engine
Improved it so much that most people give him credit for inventing it
unit of power named for him |
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Term
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Definition
1700-1782 Dutch
Basic properties of fluid flow, pressure, density, and velocity
blood pressure
bernoulli principle
hydraulics |
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Term
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Definition
1706-1790 American
Electric capacitor
Lightning rod
positive and negative electricity flow |
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Term
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Definition
1736-1806 French
Applied Mechanics
Electricty and Magnetism
Friction
Coulomb's law - Electric Force
Coulomb constant = 8.99 x 10^9
Nm^2/C^2 |
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Term
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Definition
1753-1814 English
Gunpowder and explosives
thermodynamics-heat was a form of motion, not its own "invisible liquid"
insulation-movement of heat |
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Term
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Definition
1745-1827 Italian
Invented electrophorous capacitor
Created the battery using copper, zinc, and cardboard soaked in saline |
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Term
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Definition
1773-1829 English
Optics
3 fundamental color sensations
principle of interference of light
wave theory of light
white light is all colors |
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Term
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Definition
1775-1836 French
Electrical current obeyed right-hand rule
magnetism could be explained by electric currents in molecules
unit of electric current is named after him
electrodynamics |
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Term
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Definition
1791-1867 English
Invented Electric Motor
Magnetism could produce Elec. |
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Term
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Definition
1791-1872 American
Telegraph-sending electrical signals along wires
electromagnetic relay system renewed the current |
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Term
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Definition
1874-1937 Italian
Made spark-gap generator
Wireless telegraph
radio waves |
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Term
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Definition
1818-1889 English
Joule's Law
Mechanical heat, temperature and friction all related
Heat is produced by motion
Unit of work + energy is joule |
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Term
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Definition
1856-1943 Croatian
Worked for Thomas Edison
Induction Motor
Tesla Coil
AC
fluorescent light |
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Term
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Definition
1822-1888 German
1st law of thermodynamics
Entropy
2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Term
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Definition
1831-1879 Scottish
Elec. and magnetism are two aspects of one force of nature
Light is one portion of broad spectrum of electromagnetic wave
thermodynamic laws
properties of gases |
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Term
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Definition
1857-1894 German
Proved the existence of electromagnetic waves
Simplified Maxwell's theory of electric displacement current
Unit of current- Hertz |
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Term
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Definition
1857 Scottish
Devised a system of grouping stars according to the amount of hydrogen
catalogued more than 10000 stars
discovered white stars |
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Term
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Definition
1867-1934 Polish
Coined the word Radioactive
Radioactivity of a substance was proportional to the quantity of material present
Discovered polonium and radium |
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Term
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Definition
1879-1955
German
Special theory of relativity
Mass is a form of energy
Light has quantum properties
Gravitational Fields, space-time, electromagnetism, light speed |
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Term
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Definition
1885-1962 Denmark
Electron orbit in certain states
Quantum mechanical descriptions of the states of the atoms |
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Term
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Definition
1858-1947 German
Energy of electromagnetic radiation is found only in discrete packets of finite sizes: Quanta
Energy must be a whole number multiple of h(Planck's Constant) |
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Definition
1887-1961 Austrian
Atomic level actions are best described as wave phenomena
Quantum physics explains mutation in DNA |
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Definition
1878-1968 Austrian
Discovered process of fission
Sent letter to Bohr, who wrote Einstein, who wrote Roosevelt, who then created Manhattan Project |
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Term
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Definition
1904-1967 American
Father of the Atomic bomb
Worked with theoretical Astronomy, nuclear physics, spectroscopy, Quantum field study |
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Term
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Definition
1894-1966 Belgian
Proposed the theory of the expansion of the universe
Big bang theory |
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Term
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Definition
1947- American
Theoretical Physicist
Cofounder of string theory |
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