Term
-Electrical potential resulting from applied ___
-Electrophysiologic audiometry records ____ potentials along the auditory pathway |
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Definition
| stimulus; neuroelectrical |
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Term
AEP Definition:
-___ response
-Arises from one or more ___ sources
-May be ___ or ___ or both
-Caused by ___ stimuli |
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Definition
| Electrophysiological; neural; peripheral; central; acoustic |
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Term
-___ and ___ 1930: First recorded cochlear microphonic in animals. First detected the electrical response of the cochlea itself
-___ ___, et al: Auditory evoked potential in animals (1933). AP recorded from round window in animal and analyzed using superposition (1935). SP in animal (1950)
-___ et al 1935: First recorded CM in human. Two subjects with perforation from chronic OM. Transtympanic electrode |
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Definition
| Wever and Bray; Hallowell Davis; Fromm |
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Term
Wever and Bray (1930):
-Sounds applied to the ear of the animal produce effects in the nerve which are related to the ___ of sound applied
-___ of speech is such that representation of sound can be transmitted through the auditory nerve, and transmitted into a receiver such that voices could be recognized as well as speech sounds
-Louder stimulus –___ signal received
-Injured nerve needs ___ stimulus to respond |
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Definition
| frequency; Fidelity; stronger; louder |
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Term
Davis et al:
-___ window electrode site
-Resistance to ___
-After death response drops to about ___% and continues to decline
-Cutting cochlear artery causes response to ___ or significantly ___ within 40 minutes
-Resistance to ___
-___ of response changes when stimuli changed (rarefaction/condensation) contrasted with auditory responses beyond the cochlea
-___-___ when viewing different frequencies with the same SPL |
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Definition
| Round; anesthesia; 20; disappear; diminish; fatigue; Polarity; Non-linearity |
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Term
Fromm, Nylen and Zotterman (1933):
-Electrode on the lateral wall of the ___ through perforation; and syringe electrode inserted in the ___
-__ of 18 patients produced a definite response (auditory sensation to electrical stimulation)
-___ stimulation used
-Responses only occurred when stimulation was near the ___
-__ volts to __ volts |
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Definition
| labyrinth; neck; 5; Electrical; electrode; 30; 60 |
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Term
Researchers and Achievements:
-___ ___: First signal averaging computer
-___ ___: First far-field AMLR response
-___ and ___ : First ABR recorded in humans
-___ and ___: Identified age-related changes. Basis for use as an objective method for assessing hearing |
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Definition
| George Dawson; Dan Geisler; Jewett and Williston; Hecox and Galambos |
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Term
| Made it possible to extract AEP from ongoing EEG |
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Definition
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Term
Robert Galambos (1955):
-Used ____ potentials to understand auditory pathway function
-When olivocochlear bundle was severed, electric stimulation to the ___ no longer caused a decrease in auditory nerve response
-Thought to prevent ___ system from suppression the response of electrical masking |
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Definition
| electrophyiologic; medulla; efferent |
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Term
Geisler, Frishkopf, & Rosenblith:
-Published first study on ____ using signal averaging
-Used ___ stimuli
-___ presentations
-Detectable near ___ threshold
-___ msec onset latency; ___ msec peak
-Compared response with ___ subjects
-___-field response |
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Definition
| MLR; click; 400; psychophysical; 20; 30; control; Far |
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Term
Jewett, Romano, Williston (1969):
-Latencies as short as ___ msec
-Series of waved between __ and __ msec after arrival of stimulus at the ear
-Using ___ electrodes
-Subjects were not ___
-First human study of ___ |
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Definition
| 7.6; 2 and 7; scalp; anesthetized; ABR |
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Term
Jewett and Williston (1971):
-Averaging responses allows detection of evoked potentials from ___ ___
-Single electrode offers little information about ___ generator. ___ recording sites more informative
-Defined near field and far field:
-___ field – characterized by significant differences in wave shape at electrode positions short distances apart
-___ field – short differences apart show no significant differences in wave shape |
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Definition
| far field; neural; Multiple; Near; Far |
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Term
| Jewett and Williston figured out the effects of ___, ___, and ___ ___ |
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Definition
| rate, intensity, and repetition rate |
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Term
Jewett and Williston:
-Increase in latency with ___ in intensity
-Importance of electrode ___ (D control) |
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Definition
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Term
Hecox and Galambos (1974):
-Documented ___ differences in infants to children
-Post-natal ABR reaches adult value by __-__ months of age
-Potential use to ___ assess hearing in infants and children |
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Definition
| latency; 12-18; objectively |
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Term
| What are some early uses of AERs? |
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Definition
-Determine whether patients were brain-dead
-Diagnose “nerve” deafness
-Grossly estimate hearing thresholds
-Learn about physiology of auditory system |
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Term
| What are 8 current uses of AERs? |
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Definition
-Newborn hearing screening
-Newborn diagnostic hearing
-Diagnose auditory neuropathy
-Assess for Meniere’s syndrome
-Confirm behavioral audiology thresholds
-Identify retrocochlear pathology
-Estimate corpus callosum function
-Estimate utricle and saccule function |
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