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Definition
| In Herbart's theory of learning, the process by which an apperceptive mass is adjusted to incorporate a new representational element. |
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| Term used to characterize Brentano's psychology concerned with mental acts, as opposed to Wundt's supposed psychology of mental contents. |
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| In Herbart, focused attention. In Wundt, the creation and selective attentional process responsible for the configuration of conscious mental states. |
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| According to Herbart, the constellation of connected elementary mental representations that constitute the current object of apperception or focused attention. |
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| In Herbart's theory of learning, the process by which a new representational element is integrated with an apperceptive mass. |
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| Berlin (or Berlin-Frankfurt) school of Gestalt psychology |
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Definition
| Form of Gestalt psychology associated with Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka, who maintained that the nature and identity of perceptual "elements" is determined rationally by their position within perceptual configurations or structures. |
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| Form of reaction-time experiment in which the time taken for components of a complex task is calculated by subtraction of the measured time taken for other components of the task. |
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| Structure of task that determines cognitive processing independently of image association, experimentally identified by members of the Wurzburg school. |
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| Term introduced by William Stern to describe the study of individual differences. |
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Term
| experimental self-observation |
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Definition
| Form of self-observation in which trained subjects provide concurrent commentaries on their conscious experience under rigorously controlled experimental conditions. |
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| Graz school of Gestalt psychology |
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Definition
| Form of Gestalt psychology associated with psychologists at the University of Graz, who maintained that perceptual configurations are psychological products of preexisting sensational elements. |
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Definition
| Theory of motivation according to which organisms are motivated to eliminate states of disequilibrium that are experienced as unpleasant or painful |
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| Instances of thought not accompanied by sensations or images, experimentally identified by members of the Wurzburg school. |
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| The debate about the existence of image-less thoughts between members of the Wurzburg school and Edward B. Titchener, the representative of structural psychology in the United States. |
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Definition
| the kind of experience that is not subject to theoretical interpretation. According to Wundt, the subject matter of psychology. |
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| According to Kohler, a creative form of learning that involves perceptual restructuring of the problem situation. |
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| In Gestalt psychology, law of good form. |
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Definition
| The kind of experience that is theoretically interpreted. According to Wundt, the subject matter of natural science. |
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Definition
| Use of complication experiments to estimate the duration of postulated mental processes such as discrimination and choice. |
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Definition
| As defined by William Stern, a child's mental age divided by its chronological age. |
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Term
| modern investigation of thinking |
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Definition
| Form of cognitive psychology based upon the rule-governed processing of thought contents developed by members of the Wurzburg school. |
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Definition
| Perception of apparent motion generated by projected light |
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Term
| principle of psychical resultants |
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Definition
| Formulated by Wundt, assertion that the attributes of psychological configurations that are the product of apperception are distinct from the mere aggregation of the attributes of the elements from which they are configured. Also known as the principle of creative synthesis. |
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Term
| principle of psychical relations |
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Definition
| Formulated by Wundt, assertion that the nature and identity of the elements of psychological configurations is determined by their relational location within psychological configurations. |
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Definition
| Term used to characterize Wundt's experimental analysis of the elements of consciousness, in contrast to Bretano's act psychology |
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Definition
| Theory that configured perceptual fields are the product of structurally identical neural fields. |
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Definition
| Early German name for aptitude testing |
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Term
| rules and representations |
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Definition
| The approach in cognitive psychology in which cognition is conceived of in terms of the rule-governed processing of symbolic representations. |
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Term
| systematic experimental self-observation |
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Definition
| Method of self-observation associated with the Wurzburg school, in which untrained subjects were required to produce detailed verbal reports of sensations or images associated with experimental tasks, often based upon active questioning or interrogation by experimenters. |
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Term
| threshold of consciousness |
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Definition
| In Herbart, the level below which unconscious ideas are repressed. |
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Definition
| Form of learning identified by Kohler in which animals respond to similarities in relationships between stimuli rather than to similarities between stimuli themselves. |
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Term
| tri-dimensional theory of feeling |
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Definition
| Wundt's theory that feelings vary along three dimensions: pleasant versus unpleasant, high versus low arousal, and concentrated versus relaxed attention. |
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Definition
| Comparative-historical form of "folk" (or "cultural" or "social") psychology that Wundt considered to be an important supplement to experimental psychology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wundt's theoretical psychology, so-called because of his emphasis on the voluntary, selective, and creative nature of the central control process of apperception. |
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