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| term employed by Leibniz and Kant to describe the active organization of sensory elements in perception |
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| According to Kant, the innate concepts that organize and structure perception and knowledge. |
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| the form of psychology based upon the direct realism of Thomas Reid, according to which perception and knowledge are grounded in common and innate powers or faculties. |
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| the hypothesis that the properties and behavior of complex material bodies can be explained in terms of the properties and behavior of the corpuscles (or atoms) that compose them. |
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| the view that we directly perceive physical bodies and their properties, without the mediation of atomistic sense impressions. |
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| a set of books produced in France in the 18th century under the direction of Denis Diderot that aimed to provide a comprehensive treatment of the various branches of human knowledge. |
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| empiricist/positivist conception of scientific explanation |
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| the conception of scientific explanation as nothing more than the description of observational correlation. |
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| epistemological empiricism |
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| the view that all knowledge derives from experience. |
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| the period of European thought in the 17th and 18th centuries in which confidence in reason and experience came to displace faith in religion and traditional authority. |
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| the view that only immaterial minds and their ideas exist. |
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| French emiricists dedicated to human progress through the application of psychology to social reform and education |
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| matters of fact and existence |
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| According to Hume, propositions rendered true or false by experience. |
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| sensory elements that register in perception but that are too faint to enter consciousness. |
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| The view that mental states can be individuated independently of each other, and that complex ideas or concepts are compounded out of distinct simple ideas or concepts. |
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| According to Hume, propositions rendered true or false by conceptual relations between ideas. |
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| Eighteenth-century movement that repudiated the Enlightenment ideals of reason and science and celebrated human emotionality, spontaneity, and creativity |
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| The French versions of empiricist psychology developed by Condillac and Helvetius. |
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| the level below which sensory impressions do not register in consciousness. |
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| Conception of social thought and emotion as emergent forms of mentality of social groups, states, and nations that are irreducible to the mentality of their members. |
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| synthetic a priori knowledge |
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| According to Kant, knowledge about the natural world that is not based upon experience. |
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| View that science progresses through the theoretical unification of independently established scientific laws. |
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| Kant's account of synthetic a priori knowledge, based upon his analysis of the conditions of the possibility of experience. |
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| According to Hartley, neural vibrations that form the material basis of ideas. |
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