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| Seventeenth-century term for the atomistic components of material bodies, coined by Robert Boyle |
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| corpuscularian theory of light |
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| theory of light in which it is treated as a stream of material corpuscles, or atoms. |
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| a system of circles within circles introduces by Ptolemy (and Copernicus) to accommodate the "wandering" motion of planets |
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| the theory that the Earth is the fixed center of the universe, around which the sun and other planets orbit |
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| the theory that the sun is the fixed center of the universe, around which Earth and other Planets orbit |
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| homogeneity of cognition and sense perception |
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| the claim that cognition and sense perception differ in degree (of intensity) but not fundamental kind, usually via the claim that ideas are weaker images of sense impressions. |
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| Cognitive biases in scientific thinking that are idiosyncratic products of individual human development |
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| Social biases in scientific thinking based upon notions derived from common linguistic usage. |
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| Social biases in scientific thinking based upon theories maintained by schools of philosophy as received dogma. |
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| cognitive biases in scientific thinking based upon innate human propensities. |
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| the view that societies or social groups are nothing more than collections of human individuals and that social behavior is nothing more than the aggregate behavior of collections of human individuals. |
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| Instance of the Fingerpost |
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| Francis Bacon's name for a crucial instance that enables the empirical adjudication of competing theories |
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| the view that mind and body causally interact |
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| the conscious apprehension of mental states, usually held to be direct and certain. |
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| Efficient causal explanation in terms of antecedent conditions sufficient to produce an effect, often associated with a conception of the universe as a giant (usually clockwork) machine. |
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| the view that every mental state is correlated with a brain state, without commitment to any theory about the nature of the relation between mental and brain states. |
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| the view that God directly causes the regular correlation between mental and bodily states. |
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| the view that God maintains the regular correlation between mental and bodily states. |
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| the view that all human behavior is motivated by the desire to attain pleasure and avoid pain. |
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| automatic and involuntary behavior in response to stimulation |
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| the Protestant religious movement founded by Martin Luther |
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| the cultural movment that began in souther Italy in the 14th century and promoted innovated developments in art, literature, architecture, and music, as well as in mathematics, religion, and science. |
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| the Renaissance focus on human psychology and celebration of its potential |
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| the variation in the angular separation of the stars that was a crucial implication of the Copernican heliocentric theory. |
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| term introduced by the Edinburgh physician Thomas Whytt to describe the application of any form of physical energy to a nerve. |
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| the view that the differences between human and animal psychology and behavior are differences in degree and not fundamental differences in kind. |
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| an emergent force of organized matter held to explain biological functions such as bodily heat and movement. |
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| Descartes' theory of motion in terms of "action by contact" |
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| the view that humans and animals are composed of the same basic material, differently organized. |
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