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| a form of depression recognized by ancient and medieval theorists, which they characterized as a debilitating form of apathy or disgust with life |
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| Averroes's claim that the active reason in all humans is numerically identical. The Christian Church condemned it as heresy in 1270. |
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| The belief that since Christ was poor the Church should abandon its wealth. |
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| according to Galen, the irritable and emotional personality type with an excess of yellow bile. |
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| The followers of Antisthenes and Diogenes, who rejected classical learning and conventional morality and advocated a primitive and independent lifestyle. |
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| the medieval term for a butcher, skilled in the practical art of surgery. |
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| Philosophy of happiness based upon moderation developed by Epicurus and his Roman discipline Lucretius. |
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| Avicenna's argument in support of substance dualism |
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| A medieval psychological theory that was an amalgamation of the psychology of Aristotle and the neurophysiology of Galen. The "inner senses" were identified as perceptual and cognitive faculties located in the ventricles of the brain |
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| Office created by Pope Gregory IX in 1233 to combat heresy; its officers were generally friars of the Franciscan order. |
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| The directedness or "aboutness" of psychological states such as thoughts, emotions, motives, and memories |
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| the period from approximately 500 to 1600 CE |
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| According to Galen, the sad type of personality with an excess of black bile. |
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| Methodological prescription, advanced by the comparative psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan, that psychologists should not explain animal behavior by reference to complex cognitive states if it can be explained in simpler terms. |
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| Theories developed in the early years of the Roman Empire that emphasized the mystical and spiritual elements of Plato's Philosophy. |
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| principle advanced by William of Occam, according to which no more entities or degrees of complexity should be introduces in a theoretical explanation than are necessary to explain the range of data in any domain. When empirically equivalent theories compete, ___ enjoins us to choose the simplest theory. |
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| According to Galen, the slothful personality type with an excess of phlegm. |
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| prerogatives of experimental science |
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| Methodological principles advanced by Roger Bacon, who maintained that theories should be evaluated by reference to their novel predictions and that experimentation should augment naturalistic observation |
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| According to Galen, the cheerful personality type with an excess of blood. |
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| the term used to describe medieval attempts to integrate Artistotelian philosophy and Christian theology |
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| the followers of Pyrrho, who repudiated all pretensions to knowledge. |
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| The philosophy of life advocated by Zeno of Citium, in which the good life is identified with acceptance of one's fate in a determined world. |
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| theory that the soul (or mind) is a special and simple spiritual substance distinct from material substance, which can survive bodily death. |
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| The fluid-filled cavities of the brain identified by Galen, which were held to be the location of perceptual and cognitive faculties according to the medieval theory of the "inner senses" |
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