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| Name this time period: It was between the dissolution of the Greek city-states to the emergence of the Roman Empire |
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| Name this time period: The theoretical speculations of the early Greek thinkers were rejected and skepticism, Epicureanism, and stoicism emerged. |
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| Name this time period: The theoretical speculations of the early Greek thinkers were rejected and skepticism, Epicureanism, and stoicism emerged. |
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| Name this philosophy: Writings of Pyrrho |
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| Name this philosophy: Repudiated all pretensions to knowledge, meaning they that that we knew nothing. |
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| Name this philosophy: Advocated the suspension of belief. |
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| Name this philosophy: Recommended that people follow the local moral and religious practices prevalent in society at any particular time and place (conventional morality) |
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| Name this philosophy: In modern terms, it encouraged people to be conventional and conform. |
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| Name this philosophy: Writings of Antisthenes and Diogenes |
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| Name this philosophy: Dismissed classical learning and conventional morality. |
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| Name this philosophy: Recommended a life of natural independence, free of government, custom, and tradition |
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| Name this philosophy: means "doglike" and is in reference to the primitive form of life they advocated |
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| Name this philosophy: Writings of Epicurus and Lecretius |
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| Name this philosophy: Philosophy of moderation based upon reason, choice and discipline, which is expected to ensure the greatest amount of happiness over the long term |
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| Name this philosophy: Highest form of pleasure is friendship |
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| Name this philosophy: Rich food, drink, and sex were to be avoided |
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| Name this philosophy: Writings of Zeno of Citium |
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| Name this philosophy: Everything in nature is predetermined according to a divine plan |
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| Name this philosophy: Everyone is assigned a role and destiny prescribed by God |
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| Name this philosophy: Virtue consists of acting in accord with this natural law and adopting the right attitude toward it. |
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| Name this philosophy: The good life consists of freely accepting one's fate, whether it be good or ill, with indifference. |
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| Name this man: Founded the anatomical school at the Museum of Alexandria. |
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| Name this man: Medical research and technology based on dissection of human cadavers and the vivisection of animals |
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| Name this man: He distinguished between the sensory and motor nerves and explored the function of the nervous system. |
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| Name this man: Curator of the Great Library of Alexandria |
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| Name this man: Organized body of arithmetic and geometric knowledge from the Egyptians, Babylonians, and Greeks |
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| Name this man: Developed a system of demonstrations in which the truth of theorems is shown to follow logically from the assumed truth of the axioms. This system became the model for theoretical explanation in natural science. |
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| Name this man: seen today in the proofs you learned in math class, and used by many people we will cover in coming chapters |
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| Name this man: founded the study of hydrostatics |
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| Name this man: Developed a method of measuring specific gravities of substances by displacement in water |
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| Name this man: Led to him becoming famous for running naked through the streets shouting "Eureka!" which means "I have it!" |
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| Name this man: Followed Aristotle's Teleological interpretation that every structural form, organ, and system of the human body has its own distinctive purpose or function |
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| Name this man: His own work became the prominent views during the medieval period that followed |
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| Name this man: developed Hippocrates' theory of the four bodily humors into a theory of personality types |
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| According to Galen, the cheerful, or sanguine type of personality, has an excess of ___ |
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| According to Galen, the sad, or melancholic type, has an excess of |
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| According to Galen, the emotional, or choleric type, has an excess of ___ |
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| According to Galen, the slothful, or phlematic type, has an excess of ___ |
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| Name this man: Recommended counseling for emotional problems and described the physiological symptoms of "love sickness" |
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| Name this philosophy: These theories focused on the mystical and spiritual elements of Plato's philosophy rather than it's critical rationalism. |
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| Name this philosophy: had a powerful influence on the early development of Christianity |
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| Name this philosophy: examples of philosophers were Philo of Alexandria and Plotinus |
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| Name this man: believed that knowledge is revealed by God and cannot be attained through sense experience or reason. |
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| Name this man: Both sense experience and reason are impediments to knowledge which can only be attained through the passive reception of divine illumination |
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| Name this man: Conceived of the immaterial psyche as imprisoned in the inferior material body |
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| Name this man: Believed that psyche can only escape through transcendental experiences such as meditation and dreams. |
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| Name this man: Claimed that sense experiences provided an accurate representation of external physical world but since it is constantly changing, the representation is of little value. |
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| The disintegration of the Roman Empire was paralleled by the ___ |
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| development of Christianity |
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| Early church fathers embraced the ___ conception of the psyche as an immortal spiritual entity temporarily imprisoned in an inferior material body. This is clearly demonstrated in the writings of ___ |
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| Neoplatonic conception; St. Augustine |
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| Name this man: Reaffirmed Plotinus's view that knowledge can only be attained through acquaintance with the external forms or ideals as the illumination of God and that man should turn away from the world of the senses and carnal pleasure. |
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| Name this man: Maintained that the soul is a special and simple spiritual substance which is distinct from the material substance and can survive bodily death. |
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| Name this man: Maintained that certain forms of knowledge are innate, such as mathematical relations and moral principles |
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| Name this man: Believed that reason and experience are only valuable if they agree with Christian theology |
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| ___ and ___ tried to integrate the central features of Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy with Islamic theory |
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| Name this man: Treated active reason as immaterial and immortal but did not equate it with the individual human psyche |
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| Name this man: Argued that there is no way to distinguish the active reason of different human beings if active reason has no physical properties or spatial location, and thus concluded that active reason in all humans is identical. This later became known as ___ heresy |
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| Name this man: Conducted original experiments on light reflection and refraction |
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| Name this man: First to conclude that vision occurs when light is reflected from external objects and enters the eye |
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| Name this man: Distinguished between sensation and perception |
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| Name this man: Linked the physics of light refraction to the anatomy of the eye |
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| The dark ages in Western Europe ended around ___ |
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| ___ claimed that reason and sense can supplement faith and developed famous arguments to demonstrate the existence of God |
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| ___ reviewed the work of Aristotle and his Islamic commentators and recommended reason and sense as legitimate sources of knowledge, since he presumed that neither would conflict with scripture. |
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| ___ raised the use of reason and argument to new heights and is credited with the revival of the dialectic method used by the early Greek philosophers |
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| ___ was convinced that any method of argument would affirm God's existence, goodness and wisdom, but, in practice, his arguments exposed a number of conflicting theological positions and got him into trouble with Church authorities. |
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| The Christian church originally rejected the works of ___, but medieval scholars quickly followed their Islamic counterparts by trying to integrate ___ works with Christian theology |
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| Name this man: His Aristotelian version of Christianity came to supplant Augustine's Neoplatonic version and remains to this day, the foundational theology of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| Name this man: He revived Aristotle's view of the human psyche as the functional capabilities of the human material body, meaning the psyche is body rather than spirit |
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| Name this man: He treated active reason as a functional capacity of the human psyche |
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| Name this man: Claimed that thought is dependent on sensory experience and denied the existence of innate ideas |
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| Name this man: Recognized the intentional nature of psychological states such as thoughts, emotions, motives, and memories. These states make reference to some object beyond themselves. |
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