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| the science of intelligent machines |
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| A binary unit, the elemental unit of information theory, conceived of as the amount of information required to determine between two equiprobable alternatives. |
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| The name for the interdisciplinary matrix of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and linguistics (and associated disciplines such as neurophysiology, logic, mathematics, and philosophy) that evolved as a product of the cognitive revolution in psychology |
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| Set of cognitive theories developed in the late 1980s modeled upon the parallel processing of information in the brain rather than the serial processing of von Neumann computers |
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| the science of control and communication in animals and machines. |
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| a computer that performs operations on binary units of information |
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| signals from a goal that modify goal-directed behavior |
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| Computer designed by Allen Newell, J. C. Shaw, and Herbert Simon, capable of cognitive tasks such as playing chess and problem solving. |
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| the physical systems that instantiate the rules or instructions encoded in computer programs. |
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| Computer program designed by Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, capable of proving theorems in logic. |
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| Form of truth-functional logic developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries, whose sentential operators (such as "if...then") are definable in terms of primitive operators such as "and" and "not" |
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| Random disturbance superimposed upon a signal, such as electrical noise caused by heat in electrical circuits. |
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| parallel distributed processing |
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| Computer architecture in which information is encoded via the statistical distribution of connection "weights" among units in a nodal network |
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| a set of rules or instructions stored in the memory of a computer. |
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| View that we can ascribe cognitive states to computers in exactly the same sense that we ascribe them to humans. |
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| A machine capable of performing elementary operations on symbols in accord with a set of instructions |
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| A hypothetical test suggested by Alan Turing as a practical means of deciding whether intelligence should be ascribed to a machine. Turing claimed that we should call a machine intelligent if we could not discriminate the responses of a human communicator from a machine simulating or "imitating" the responses of a human communicator. |
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| A general-purpose machine capable of performing operations specified by a variety of different Turing machines (defined by their individual sets of instructions) |
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| Computer that employs a central control unit to read and execute programmed instructions sequentially. |
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| term used to describe biological systems that can instantiate the rules or instructions encoded in computer programs. |
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