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| 1880s - believed the body form is already present and merely increases in size |
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| discovered the sperm cell |
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| developed the theory of generation - organis and tissues arise from undifferentiated tissues |
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| believe all living things consisted of cells which arise from other cells |
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| distinguished between germ and somatic cells and suggested that segregates of embryos --> determinants |
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| 19th century - belief that one cell gives rise to all others |
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| 4th century = studied bird eggs at different stages and believed the male seed provided the structure and the female the rest |
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| 1820 - discovered germ layers and induction |
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| formation of specific tissues from germ layers |
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| germ layer that forms skin and nerves |
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| germ layer that forms gut, liver, and lung tissue |
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| germ layer that forms skeleton, muscle, kidney, heart, and reproductive tissues |
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early 1800s - discovered the mammalian ovum and notocord
- believed embryonic forms of most animals are similar
- general structures form first than specialize |
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| 1990s - community of embryonic sturctures reveals a community of descent |
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| Studied genetic inheritance |
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chromosomes recognized as units
cell lineages established
cell migration traced from ebmbryo to adult |
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| Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold |
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1920s - normal gastrulation in ambihibians begins at the blastopore of the blastula and create a cavity called the archenteron
-experiment took cells of the blastopore from one embryo and grafted them onto another --> formation of archenteron and an organism that looks like a siamese twin |
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1950s - reveled DNA structure and molecular mechanis
Environment --> DNA --> RNA --> Protein --> Development |
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