woman of willendorf

c.25,000-20,000BCE

representational object/abstract shows sexual characteristics

associated with fertility & female form

meant to be held and carried.

Pyramids of Giza, Egypt

2500-2650 bc

unchanging quality  of Egyptian art reflects the stability & continuity of style

Mustaba- smaller step pyramids that would have housed people important to the deity. Shape relates to sun god “Ra” sun’s rays solidified the pyramid’s form. Took 75 years to build, oldest/ largest - Cheop

Attica Kouros

c.580 BcE

ideal human, man, youthful, c 580BCE. 6’4 upright representation,same stance as egyptian stance, iconic. No naturalism in the face, no movement, funeral marker for a warrior. Nudity significant- links to image of the Gods. Smile--similar have   to half smile, “archaic smile”. Mostly abstracted representational form.

Doryphoros 

by Polycleitus

450 bCE

perfect & ideal form. Lack of emotion. Reason is emphasized.

example of greek classicism

harmonious, perfect ratio. ideal proportions

Parthanon

by Ictinus and Kallikrates

athens greece

448-432BCE

emple devoted to the goddess Athena, place of worship. Can be viewed as a indentification of Athens itself (emblem)

Post-and-lintel system - architectural system that involves two or more upright (posts) to support a horizontal beam ( lintel) used formally for temples. ( greece)
Platform- the lowest supporting element in a classical architectural structure. Made up of three levels.
Column- a vertical , weight carrying architectual member, circular in cross section, usually has a shaft and a capital.
Capital - topmost element of a column in classical architecture, it serves as a transitional motif from the column to the entablature.

The Sarcophagus of the Spouses

520-510 BCE

Terracotta c. 570-510 BCE. ( red clay) lack of formal coherence. Hand gestures. Emotional and expressional. Women have paler faces while men have darker ones, because they needed to stay inside. Elaborate clothing-- well off. Could have held the earn or casket. Shown as if at a banquet ( funerary feast) . Believed that Tombs were meant to hold the soul and the body. Permitted women to attend banquet. Representation of sharing of wine.

Pantheon, Rome

118-128BCE

 dedicated to all gods, one of the most celebrated buildings in all of history. Weight is distributed among 8 pillars that are hollowed out. Opulous - lets in light , at the top of the dome. Motif for the dome of heaven. 7 planetary gods. Thought it would have been a bath house at first. :D

Head of Constantine

c 312 CE

 one of the first images that shows the development. Christianity grew in underground. Start of Christian art and representation of christian ideals. Constantine was born btw 271 CE. Soldiers name him emperor after his father’s death. R. 306-337 CE. Pivotal moment : end to wars in the Empire. Acknowledges Christianity at the time of the marble head sculpture. Brings about the end of persecution of Christians. New type of Style ----> moves capital to Constantinople to the east. Empire is divided into two parts. The sculpture reminded the people in rome he was still the emperor, since he ruled from the east capital. Torso was made of materials cheaper than marble. Stood inside a public building

Empress Theodora and Her Retinue

c.527-548

depict the monarch in power, Justinian & his wife Theodora  ( secular images for the most part) Theodora has a little bit of a halo on her hair and an elaborate crown and head piece carrying golden challis ( wine goblet-- mass) meant to be seen as a gift of christ. Image of the three majiah who gave christ gifts as child. 3d space.but attention is put on the timeless and spiritual, not naturalistic. Hierarchal scale

Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Ship Burial

england before 655ce

 See the influence of invasions from barbarians. “ animal style” small objects, eurasian style, nomadic people, no human figures, abstracted forms, twisting organic shapes, no geometry. Objects made of metal--durable. Influenced by Scythicans style - 8th to 4th century. Would have belonged to a king. Motif of Lyre of Ur inside ( 2650-2550)
Bridal object & Gold plaque in the form of the goat.

Chartes Cathedral

1119-1260

devoted to Virgin Mary. 13th century. Educational center. Part of virgin mary’s tunnic, sacred well- believed that christian martyrs. Center of the city. Complex building, covered in sculpture on the exterior 2,000 figures & stain glass windows. Designed in 1134, best preserved. Different types of gothic style. Limestone structure. 34 meters tall, 130 meters long. Widest nave in europe ( open interior naves) attention is drawn upward. made with bacilica type structure. arch. space inter. nave at 90 angle. The two towers- different in length and different in style

Holy Trinity by Masaccio

c.1484-1486

Donatello's David

1440-1460

Commisioned for the Medici family. Florence. David- King , killed a giant. Blah blah blahhhhhh. Victorious, showing one foot on top of the giants head. Influenced by Antinius’ Hermes. Downward gaze showing reserve. Shown passive

Michaelangelo's David

1501-1504

commisioned by the board, completed for public use. Florence Italy, 1501. Symbol of florence himself, For the Plazza della Singnoria ( public location) expresses the pride of the new republic of florence, ultimate symbol of liberty. Shallow sculpture ( side point of view)very flat from the side. Using contraposto. Visually fixed - head is a little bigger, hands and arms are longer than they should be.

Birth of Venus by Botticelli

c.1484-1486

 Tempera on Canvas, Florence.  Shows a mythological event. She was born out of the foam of the sea. Surface beauty, less interested in perspective. ( based on poem as well ) Reflects the love of poetry -- from patrons Lorenzo the Magnificent. Blow to her home of cyprus, but the wind god, as approaching, welcomed by Pomona - nymph who lives on the island echos venus, but also sets off venus’ beauty. Pattern oriented and linear. Not worried about observing the real world, stylizes hair to look as patterns. Sources for Medici Aphrodite, Florence. Copy of a 4th century marble piece. Controversial of a large nude female figure

Philospholy, Raphael

school of athens,

c.1509-1511

Mona Lisa, leonardo Da vinci

1503-1505

Giovanni & his Bride

Jan Van Eyck

1434

Villa Rotunda, Palladio

1566-1570

The Conversion of Paul

carvaggio 1600

extreme lights and darks.( shapes a lot of italian painting & spanish painting)  Struck down by the light. Shallow space, and theatrical use of light. Limited palate- neutral colors, never uses blue. Naturalistic representation.painting would have been in a chapel, almost treated like an icon. Wants it to look like its in your space, making you feel what is going on in the picture. ( like you were a part of it)

Benini's David 1623

Much older than the “real David”
Shown at the moment of action/ drama
More movement ; off balance, asymmetrical
Supposed to view it from all sides.
Props - part of his character
Clothing. ( reflects a more conservative time from the church)
Narrative.
Detail in naturalism and realism

the great stupa at sanchi

10 bce -1 ce.

Stupa is a dome shaped religious structure based on earlier burial mounds. Often to house relics. Buddhist structures. Gateways are heavely decorated with sculpture. Functions 1. Contain bodily remans of holy people. 2. Relics, and belongings of someone holy. 3. Mark a space or a spot that is holy.Built by king Asoka 84, 000 ( one of) built by him. Legend included parts of the Buddha. Built on a large hill. Became important sight for buddhist pilgramages.  4 gateways “toranas”. The three part umbrella on top- buddha, buddah’s law , and the monastic order. Sacred tree surrounded by a railing.

1660-1670

Something that your are supposed to hold and look at it personally. Mughal- islamic invadors- founded in the 16th century. Leave a strong footprint of india, responsible for the Tahjma Hall. Brought the influence of Persian painting. (mixing of flatness & naturalistic) pattern & color. Representational image not too interested in showing space. -- blend of non objective and representational figures. Rich colors. God pictured is usually depicted in dark blue & a peacock motif.

Terra Cotta Warriors

210 bce

Fan Kuan, Travelers Amoung Mountains and Streams

Early 11th century

ma Yuan Scholar Viewing a waterfal

late 12th-early 13th century.

Oath of the Horatii

Jacque-Louis David 1784

The third of may 1808

francisco de goya

1814

the burning of the house of lords and commons

Eugene Delacroix

1827

the stone breakers

courbet

1849

The luncheon on the Grass

manet

1863

impression sunrise

monet

1872

Main Shrine Ise Japan

685 & rebuilt every 20 years

Horyuji temple (pagoda and kondo)

nara, japan

690

Haboku Landscape

Sesshu Toyo

1400- early 1500s

Great Mosque Kairouan Tunisia

begun 836

mihrab from iran (peria)

1354-55

Entrace to Mir-i Arab Madrassa Bukhara

1535

Taj Mahal

india

1632-1647