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Palazzo Di Medici
1445-1450
Patron: Cosimo dè medici
Architect: Bartolomeo
Includes Rustication and Ashlar masonry |
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Villa Rotonda, 1566-1570, Renaissance
Arch:Palladio
Patron: Priest Almerico
4 identical temple front entrances
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St. Peter’s Basilica, Plan: 1505, Dome: begun 1546
Renaissance
Used to be Old St. Peters
Patron: Pope Julius
Architects: Bramante makes initial plans, Sangallo The Younger revises, Brunelleschi makes final plans.
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Laurentian Library, begun 1524
Architect: Michelangelo
Patron: Medici Family
Florence, Italy
example of mannerism
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Tempietto, begun 1502
Rome, Italy
High Renaissance
Architect: Bramanate
Patron King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
is a Martyrium
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Salisbury Cathedral, 1220-1258 (tower: 1334-1380)
Gothic Period
Salisbury, England
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Notre Dame, Chartres, 1194-1230
French Gothic
· Labyrinth is located on floor of nave
· Quadrapartite vaults
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Abbey Church of Saint-Denis,
French Gothic
Architect: Suger created pointed arches, ribbed vaults, stained glass windows
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Durham Castle, 1072-14th century
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St. Foy de Conques, ca. 1050-1130
Conques France
Romansque
Sainte Foy Tympanum: The Last Judgement
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Palatine Chapel, 792-805
· Aachen, Germany
· Patron: Charlemagne
· Architect: Odo of Metz
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Suleymaniye Mosque, 1550-1557
· Istanbul (1550-1557
· Architect- koka Sinan
· Patron Suleyman the Magnificent
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Great Mosque at Cordoba
· Started by Ummayad Dynasty
· Built on site of ancient roman temple
· Mihrab doesn’t face Mecca like every other mosque
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Dome of the Rock, 687-691
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Old St. Peter’s, 318-3223
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Hagia Sophia, 532-537, also rebuilt later
Constantinople
Dome on Pendatives
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Ise Shrine, 690 to present day
Shinto
Japan
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Horyu-ji Temple, 670-714
Pagoda Style
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Ming Dynasty
Patron: Emperor Qin Shi Huang
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| Great Stupa at Sanchi, ca. 250 BCE – 250 |
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| Cosmic Mountain at Borobudur, 790-850 |
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| Angkor Wat, begun ca. 1120 |
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Palladian window or serliana--
semicircular arch over the window
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| triangular sculpture placed on top of door |
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second, best floor of palazzo
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| stone masonry that is deepy articulated |
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| top part is seperate from bottom part |
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| Stringcourse (or beltcourse) |
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| course of linear masonry along piano nobile. |
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| Front of building that looks like a temple |
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| What is the meaning of the term Buddha |
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| Unlike Buddhism, whose founder was Siddhartha Gautama, the beginnings of Hinduism are not associated with any particular individual. T F |
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| The umbrella-like spire of the chatra centered precisely atop the Buddhist stupa is symbolic of this cosmological organizing principle. T F |
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| The large toranas at the Great Stupa of Sanchi, while carved in stone, reflect prototypes built of what material? |
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| With what religion is Angkor Wat associated? |
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| Chinese architectural traditions have remained remarkably stable over its long history, changed only by the country’s encounter with the West beginning in the nineteenth century and the removal of the last Emperor from the throne in 1911. T F |
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| Which organized religion became most prevalent in China beginning in the first or second centuries CE? |
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| Prior to the twentieth century, which of the following served as the most important patron of Chinese architecture: religion, government, private patrons? |
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| How are Chinese building practices analogous to those of the ancient Greeks? |
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| Acanthus leaves and and carved images |
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| What is the indigenous and official state religion of Japan? |
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| Horyuji Temple complex borrows the principle of axiality from the Chinese but departs from Chinese planning principles in its use of symmetry. T F |
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| The Ise Shrine has been both revered and criticized. Why? |
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| In the absence of a chimney, how are fires of the central hearth vented in a Japanese minka? |
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| The authors note that prayer in the Muslim world is practiced at four levels of participation. What are these? |
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| Small group or individual 2) neighborhood 3) small city 4) muslim world |
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| The dome structure in the Dome of the Rock is made of what material? |
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| What purposes does the minaret serve in an Islamic mosque? |
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| Tower that calls ppl to prayer |
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| The Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain is an example of accretive architecture. T F |
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| Which Roman Emperor dictated religious tolerance by issuing the Edict of Milan in 313 and converting to Christianity himself? |
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| The original spiral columns in Old St. Peter’s in Rome were believed to be taken from what Jewish Temple? |
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| Byzantine architecture demonstrates a clear preference for ______ on both basilican and centrally planned churches. |
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| Octagonal Christian building used for baptism |
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| What impact did feudalism have on the development of regional architectural styles? |
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| Why might Charlemagne be considered both the spiritual and cultural heir of the Roman Empire? |
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| Crowned holy roman emperor, gave money to architecture and the arts |
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| The alternating light and dark horizontal bands of marble that wrap the exterior of Pisa Cathedral are a form of __________ that makes the uneven settling of the building highly apparent (see Image 8.25). |
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| Is the lantern above the crossing of St. Foy built on pendentives or squinches? |
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| Norman architecture originated in France but some of the most notable examples are in this country. |
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| The dimensions of a semicircular arch are established by the width of the span. T F |
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| Pointed arches were use in Syria and North Africa before they were adopted in Western Europe and are probably a contribution from this architecture. |
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| Romanesque and Gothic churches used many of the same architectural features but are absolutely different from a structural standpoint. What is the difference? |
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| Gothic architecture combined the nave, chapel, and aisles into one volume instead of separate volumes like in Romanesque |
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| Where were the Medieval kings of France buried? |
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| Which Gothic cathedral is ornamented with the oxen who hauled construction materials to the site? |
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| What was the function of the hall in English medieval castles? How did this differ from the function of the solar? |
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| Hall is public entertainment, Solar is private place |
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| The historian Kenneth Clark wrote of Western civilization, “In so far as we are the heirs of Greece and Rome, we got through by the skin of our teeth.” What did he mean by this statement and what role did the monasteries play? |
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| The earliest castles were made of wood. T F |
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| What form of weaponry fostered the demise of the castle? |
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| What city is generally credited with launching the Italian Renaissance? |
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| What Renaissance architect codified the principles of linear perspective? |
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| Unlike the builders of the Middle Ages, Renaissance architects found inspiration in “ideal” forms like the square and the circle. T |
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| Michelangelo’s Laurentian Library is located in what church? In what city? |
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| Which of the following architects was not involved in the design of the new St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome: Brunelleschi, Bramante, Michelangelo? |
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| in the design of the Campidoglio, Michelangelo created a trapezoidal shaped piazza overlaid by ______ paving pattern in order to focus attention on the statue of Roman Emperor_____________ in the center. |
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| What is the difference between a palazzo and a villa? |
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Palazzo-- 4 square block with cortile and piano nobile
Villa-- Farm villa |
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| What did Palladio do on several study trips to Rome that helped him obtain accurate information and better understand classical proportions? |
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| Looked at old roman ruins and their proportions. |
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Which of the following is a Buddhist structure?
The Cosmic Mountain at Borobudor
Angkor Wat
Foguang Temple Pagoda
Horiyu-ji Temple |
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Which of the following is the gate associated with the stupa:
Torii
Wu Men
Tokonoma
Torana |
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Angkor Wat is a Hindu temple built by the god-king Suryavarman II
True
False |
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| The Great Wall of China was built principally during the |
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| The principles of Confucianism are often brought to bear in Chinese: |
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Traditional Chinese urban planning principles include:
Orthogonal grids
The use of a central axis
Slight differentials in height to denote importance
The use of Feng shui. |
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Which of the following is associated with Shintoism:
Horyu-ji
Ise Shrine
Hall of Supreme Harmony
Fogang Pagoda |
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The inner doors of the Japanese house are:
Shoji
Fusuma
Hinoki
Chigi |
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Which was built most recently?
The Dome of the Rock
Horyu-ji Temple
The Cosmic Mountain at Borobudur
The Suleymaniye Mosque |
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The Byzantine Empire begins with the reign of Emperor Constantine I who changed the name of Byzantium to Constantinople.
True
False |
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Which of the following is not true of Old St. Peter’s in Rome?
It was a martyrium to St. Peter
It was an early Christian basilica
It had an atrium where the baptized were permitted to assemble
It was located where St. Peter was martyred
1 and 2
2 and 4
3 and 4
1, 3, and 4 |
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Although it has since been rebuilt, the design of the current dome at Hagia Sophia is attributed to:
San Vitale
Isidorus of Miletus
Anthemius of Tralles
Isidorus the Younger |
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The triangular pieces at the base of the dome are called:
Piers
Squinches
Pendentives
Buttresses |
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Minaret = Tower
Sahn = Courtyard
Haram = Prayer Hall
Qibla = Prayer Wall
Mihrab = Niche |
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The niche in the wall that faces Mecca in an Islamic mosque is called the
Mihrab
Minbar
Minaret
Madrasa |
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Which is true of the Great Mosque at Cordoba?
It is constructed of superimposed arches
It was built by the Ummayad Dynasty
It was the site of an ancient Roman temple, a Christian church, and an earlier mosque
It represents Moorish architecture |
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What church did Charlemagne visit after being crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome on Christmas Day in the year 800?
St. Peter’s Basilica
St. Foy de Conques
Santiago de Compostela
San Vitale |
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The tympanum at St. Foy de Conques tells the story of:
Adam and Eve
The Last Judgment
Noah’s Ark
The martyrdom of Foy |
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St. Gall was:
A Benedictine monastery
A monastery plan
The Swiss monastery of St. Martin du Canigiou
Martyred during the Hundred Year’s War |
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In creating the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, Brunelleschi:
Used traditional Medieval centering
Created a double shell dome with ribs
Used decorative ribs to provide a Gothic quality
Shared his plans only with Ghiberti |
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| Created a double shell dome with ribs |
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