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HISTORY FINAL
One week, baby.
156
Other
Not Applicable
06/01/2005

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Term
Progressivism
Definition
Middle class movement away from corruption. Moralistic. Basically less-radical populists.
Term
Muckrakers
Definition
Investigative reporters. Dig up scandals in order to sell papers, magazines, etc.
Term
Teddy Roosevelt
Definition
First he's in favor of big business with few exceptions. Then he starts to interfere in corrupt cases. Finally he moves to New Nationalism. He doesn't get the Democratic Nomination, so he creates the progressive party.
Term
New Nationalism
Definition
Teddy Roosevelt says the following:
-He wants national initiative, recall, and referendum.
-No more child labor
-Women’s suffrage
-Limits on injunctions.
-Supports creation on social insurance
-Scientific setting of tariff
-Recommends referendum on court rulings
-Repeats what court says in Munn, if public interest is involved then government has right to regulate.

Rippoff of Populist Platform.
Term
Wilson at Home
Definition
Breaks up trusts, regardless of the type, level of corruption, etc. New Freedom, which is basically a ripoff of the New Nationalism, which was basically a ripoff of the Populist Platform. You liberals sure do repeat yourselves.
Term
Federal Reserve Act
Definition
Gives Federal Government control of money supply (indirectly, duh). Under Wilson.
Term
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Definition
Corporations no longer allowed to threaten competition in the slightest, at stiffer penalties.
Term
Hepburn Act
Definition
Gave the interstate commerce commission the power to control railroads.
Term
Imperialism
Definition
Debate for quite some time over whether we can kick some midget, South American ass. The door is opened to it by Roosevelt with the Roosevelt Corrolary.
Term
Federal Farm Loan Act
Definition
Provided low-cost credit to farmers.
Term
Keating-Owen Act
Definition
Restricts child labor from most jobs. Though this was under Wilson, he wasn't too eager to see it passed, because he felt that it was infringing upon the rights of children.
Term
Adamson Act
Definition
Required interstate railroads to put their workers on an eight hour day without reduction in pay.
Term
Wilson-Gorman Tariff
Definition
Placed heavy taxes on Cuban sugar so that it couldn’t be sold in U.S.
Term
Spanish-American War
Definition
We kicked their asses because of our navy, and therefore we needed to determine what would happen with Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and others.
Term
Teller Amendment
Definition
U.S. isn't allowed to take over Cuba.
Term
Turner Thesis
Definition
America is lively because we closed our frontier.
Term
Jingoism
Definition
Super-patriots. We must educate the stupid South Americans.
Term
Open Door Policy
Definition
Free trade with China! Yay!
Term
Dollar Diplomacy
Definition
Let's bribe poor countries to do what we want them to do, so that we don't have to take them over.
Term
WW1 Context
Definition
English, Russia and France, Germany and Austria Hungary, and Turkey all have secret treaties. The fuse is lit by assassination of archduke of Serbia and arms race in Europe.
Term
Wilson's Response to WW1
Definition
Theoretically neutral, but we're basically supporting Britain and France.
Term
Lusitania
Definition
Boat sunk by Germans in WW1. Almost gets us into the war, but Wilson's afraid.
Term
Zimmerman Telegram
Definition
British give us a German telegram telling us that Germany is planning to aid a war from Mexico against U.S. Probably forged by British. Gets us into war
Term
End and Aftermath of WW1
Definition
We kick some German ass once we get into the war. Wilson wants to have pity on Germany. Europeans, having taken too many casualties for "war without victors" decide to tax them until they bleed. Through the rectum. Bleed iron. LOTS AND LOTS OF BLOOD AND IRON. GET IT?
Term
McKinley Tariff
Definition
2-cent-per-pound bounty on U.S. Sugar. Caused imports to fall sharply.
Term
Philipine Insurrection
Definition
We're really not very nice to those brown people when we quash their rebellion.
Term
President Harding
Definition
The worst President, by agreement, because he gave in to pressure.
Term
Eugene V. Debs
Definition
Socialist who opposed WW1 and thus sat it out. Wilson refused to pardon him. Harding pardoned him.
Term
Treaty of Washington
Definition
Five major naval powers agree to limit their fleets.
Term
Jesse L. Smith
Definition
Handed money by Harding administration in the biggest of the Harding Scandals.
Term
Boston Police Strike
Definition
What it sounds like. Coolidge breaks up the strike and takes away the jobs of the strikers, becoming a national hero.
Term
1919 Red Scare
Definition
One Italian dude sets off a bomb, and suddenly all foreigners are commies.
Term
The Palmer Raids
Definition
In an effort to get nominated for the Presidency, Mitchell Palmer arrested a bunch of people and had them arrested, deported, or (randomly) sent to Russia.
Term
Sacco And Vanzetti
Definition
Arrested and put to death for murder that they probably didn't convict. They were convicted because they were Italian.
Term
William Z. Ripley
Definition
Split Caucasians into Teutonic, Alpine and Mediterranean, thus establishing superiority of Germans and British, etc.
Term
Madison Grant
Definition
Like William Ripley claims that Germans, French, British, etc. are the great race. Goes on to claim that through intermarriage they are destroying themselves.
Term
Immigration Restriction League (IRA)
Definition
Turn of the century lobbiests against immigration.
Term
NAACP
Definition
Run by W.E.B. DuBois. Worked on the principle that black people should integrate themselves into white society.
Term
Dyer Bill
Definition
Prosecuted police officials who allowed lynchings to take place.
Term
UNIA
Definition
Led by Marcus Garvey. Black nationalist movement.
Term
Marcus Garvey
Definition
Black nationalist leader.
Term
Mellon's Tax Policies
Definition
Cut taxes on the rich, cut governmental expenditure, increased tariffs and put regressive taxes into place.
Term
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Definition
Huge import duty.
Term
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Definition
Worthless treaty to prevent nations from using war as an instrument of policy.
Term
RFC
Definition
An agency to help banks, railrouads, etc. stay in business by loaning them money. It was not a success. Under Hoover.
Term
National Farmers' Holiday Association (NFHA)
Definition
To Farmers: "Eat your own products, and let the money men eat their gold."
Term
Election of 1932
Definition
Hoover gets his ass kicked by Roosevelt because he utterly lacks charm or charisma, and because the economy got its ass similarly kicked over the last four years.
Term
Brains Trust
Definition
Roosevelt's brilliant cabinet. The first time a cabinet had been this smart.
Term
FDR's Base
Definition
Democratic coalition.
Term
Roosevelt's Method of Governing
Definition
Experimentation, trusting the brains trust, pragmatism.
Term
Lucy Mercer
Definition
The woman with whom Roosevelt had an affair. Eleanor's secretary. Never turned into a big deal.
Term
The Hundred Days
Definition
The first hundred days of Roosevelt's first term, in which he passed almost every one of his major New Deal proposals, many without even discussing them.
Term
Emergency Banking Act (EBA)
Definition
Eliminated weak banks and gave cash to strong ones. Also pegged gold at $35 an ounce, which prevented hoarding, etc.
Term
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
Definition
Refinanced the mortgages of farmers who had missed payments.
Term
Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC)
Definition
Helps non-farmers in danger of foreclosure.
Term
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Definition
Orginization giving handouts to the absolutely desperate poor.
Term
Harry Hopkins
Definition
Head of FERA. Disliked handouts on principle, so he orginized work projects as much of his relief plan when he left FERA and joined the new CWA in 1933, and then the WPA after the CWA was closed.
Term
Civilian Convervation Corps (CCC)
Definition
Built infrastructure and demand without using up supply by building bridges, dams, fences, terracing (for erosion resistance), etc. Gave people paying jobs.
Term
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Definition
Constructed public projects like post offices, city halls, and recreational facilities. Also taught in bankrupt school districts.
Term
Works Projects Administration (WPA)
Definition
Like the CWA, built post offices, city halls, etc. but also funded artists to paint public murals, photographers to take pictures of America, writers to write guidebooks of America, and historians to document slavery.
Term
National Youth Administration (NYA)
Definition
Part of the WPA. Provided jobs for high school and college students.
Term
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Definition
In charge of making sure the economy was efficient, etc. So code-crazy that they ended up losing a law suit brought upon them jews.
Term
Hugh Johnson
Definition
Head of NRA
Term
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Definition
Restricts farm production in order to raise the value of crops. Part of hundred days.
Term
Tennessee Valley Authority
Definition
The governement created a system of dams to keep the Tennessee River from overflowing and also to provide power (ELECTRIC dams, dude!)
Term
Charles Coughlin
Definition
Presidential Candidate in '36. Radio broadcaster and catholic priest who believed that the Fed needed to be abolished.
Term
Francis Townsend
Definition
Presidential Candidate in '36. Wanted to give money to old people 'cause he knew they'd spend it.
Term
Huey Long
Definition
Presidential Candidate in '36. Champion of the poor/working man. 'Cause clearly Roosevelt wasn't already that.
Term
Social Security Act of 1935
Definition
Roosevelt stole Townsend's idea of social security, thereby stealing his thunder.
Term
Roosevelt and Unions
Definition
Yay unions! Unions rule!
Term
Roosevelt's Pre-WW2 Foreign Policy
Definition
Really wimpy. Not doing anything new or interesting. Just keeping Hoover's policies going.
Term
Stimson Doctrine
Definition
Pre-WW2 doctrine by which the U.S. refused to recognnize any territory gains made by force. Kind of weak, really, since everyone ignored it.
Term
Gerald Nye
Definition
Senator who investigated the dangerous and hostile practices of the munitions industry.
Term
Neutrality Acts
Definition
The U.S.'s effort not to put ships in the region, etc. so they wouldn't get dragged into war.
Term
USS Reuben James
Definition
Ship that was sunk, 100 soldiers dying in the process. Roosevelt did not use it as an excuse to declare war.
Term
Office of Price Administration
Definition
1942 agency to control wages and inflation.
Term
National War Labor Board
Definition
1942 agency to mediate industrial disputes.
Term
Office of War Mobilization
Definition
Oversaw the war economy.
Term
Battle of Coral Sea
Definition
U.S. kicks Japanese ass, but takes more casualties. Nonetheless, they cut off the whole Japanese strategy.
Term
Radical Republicans
Definition
The branch of the Republican party that takes control of Congress after Lincoln's death, and makes it impossible for Lincoln's plan to be enacted.
Term
Munn vs. Illinois
Definition
Grain elevators. "14th amendment not for whites."
Term
Populist Platform
Definition
Free Silver, graduated income tax, popular elections for congress, etc.
Term
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Definition
Separate but equal.
Term
Wade-Davis Bill
Definition
Changed the required percentage of confederate states voting for reentry to the union from Lincoln's 10% to 50%. Congress would also decide on readmission, rather than the President. Radical Republican bill.
Term
Andrew Johnson
Definition
Lincoln's successor. Believed that readmission was unnecessary if it was unconstitutional to secede. Had serious problems with the radical Republicans. He was impeached, and couldn't veto, because they'd be overridden.
Term
Freedman's Bureau
Definition
Tried (and failed) to enforce equality for blacks.
Term
Tenure of Office Act
Definition
Doesn't allow Presidents to choose their cabinets. Passed by radical republicans. Johnson says it's unconstitutional, and defies it. Radical Republicans impeach him.
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
Gives blacks the vote.
Term
"Black Reconstruction"
Definition
What southerners called Reconstruction. The legend was one in which the north was humiliating the south.
Term
Black Friday
Definition
Corrupt gold scheme under Grant Administration. Grant was not the mastermind.
Term
Rutherford B. Hayes
Definition
Won election of 1876 when South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida claimed he had won there, but he hadn't.
Term
Compromise of 1877
Definition
In exchange for letting the corruption in the 1876 election go, Southern Democrats are given certain reforms to rebuild the south.
Term
Henry George
Definition
Inventer of the single tax.
Term
Single tax
Definition
A tax on land speculation that would (theoretically) eliminate the need for any other taxes.
Term
AFL
Definition
American Federation of Labor. Labor reform group. More easy to compromise than other labor groups, so they survive. The counterpoint to them is the Knights of Labor.
Term
Rough Riders
Definition
Not a rap group. Teddy Roosevelt's cavalry group in the Spanish-American war. Won him much praise.
Term
"Revolt" in Panama
Definition
Teddy Roosevelt incites revolt in Panama, in order to build the canal after plans to do it in Columbia fail.
Term
Edith Cavell
Definition
British head of a medical facility in Belgium during WW1. Was executed by Germans occupying Brussels, which ended up causing a scandal of sorts, because women were so rarely executed.
Term
Arthur Zimmerman
Definition
German foreign minister who supposedly developed the ingenious plan to have Mexico attack the U.S. as a distraction in WW1.
Term
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Definition
The treaty by which the Russians pulled out of WW1. They kinda got screwed. It was later nullified.
Term
Legacies of WWII
Definition
High casualties, nuclear age, Holocaust, spread of the Soviet Union, divided Germany, Civil War in China
Term
Truman's Foreign Policy
Definition
Cold War (as opposed to hot), Containment, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO
Term
Containment
Definition
Limiting USSR expansion without direct confrontation.
Term
Truman Doctrine
Definition
We give money to poor countries to avoid communism. Specifically Greece and Turkey.
Term
Marshall Plan
Definition
Gave money for reconstruction in Europe. Communist nations didn't accept the money. This money was given to repair relations with Europe. God I'm tired. That was so incoherent.
Term
Berlin Air Lift
Definition
Soviets cut off access to Western Berlin to mess with us.
Term
NATO
Definition
First permanent alliance. Formed to combat USSR. Totally goes against Washington's Farewell Address.
Term
Taft-Hartley Act
Definition
Tried to undo the Wagner Act. Limited workers' right to strike. Truman vetoed it, but it overroad the veto. Still, he gained union support, which would later help.
Term
McCarran Internal Security Act
Definition
Vetoed by Truman. Forced governmental employees to sign loyalty clauses. Kind of a violation of a million rights.
Term
McCarthy
Definition
Argh! Communists! Kill them all!
Term
Eisenhower's Foreign Policy
Definition
Phase 2 of Containment. Massive retaliation threats. Harder-line intervention into stuff.
Term
Eisenhower's Farewell Address
Definition
We need a leader who will preserve liberty and not undermine our noble principles. We need a mandatory, large standing army, and industry constantly devoted to the military.
Term
Congress on Racial Equalities
Definition
What does it sound like?
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
School integration! Yay! Down with separate but equal!
Term
Freedom Rides
Definition
Northerners take bus trips to the south to protest segregation.
Term
Mississippi Summer
Definition
Summer after Birmingham. SNCC workers murdered. Volunteers arm themselves, which is against Dr. King's approach.
Term
Democratic Convention (1964)
Definition
Mississippi sent two delegations: one followed the technical rules for the primary, but didn't have the public support, the other was the other way around. Neither delegation ended up voting.
Term
Selma, Alabama
Definition
King-orginized march, protest, etc. King gets close to Johnson, thus losing some popularity in the short-run.
Term
Watts' (1965)
Definition
6 days of race rioting in a poor section of L.A.
Term
Kennedy's Foreign Policy
Definition
Weak. Mostly interested in peace, but not interested in specifics.
Term
Kennedy's Domestic Affairs
Definition
Doesn't really get anything done, but comes up with the idea for the Civil Rights Act and the Peace Corps.
Term
Test-Ban Act
Definition
Under Kennedy. Bans nuclear tests.
Term
Bay of Pigs
Definition
Major CIA fuckup.
Term
Johnson's Domestic Affairs
Definition
War on Poverty, New Deal logic, education and job training funding, anti-discriminatory acts.
Term
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Definition
Federal programs for the unemployed. New Deal style. Under Johnson.
Term
Johnson's Foreign Policy
Definition
Could it be fucked up? If it could, he did it. You name it, from South America to Southeast Asia, this guy really sucked.
Term
Geneva Accords (1954)
Definition
Split Vietnam, with the hope that it would soon be reunited, but it wasn't, leading to war.
Term
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Definition
Military claims it's been attacked, and goes to congress to ask for power to take all necessary measures to stop attacks on the U.S. Ends up justifying police action.
Term
Tet Offensive
Definition
North Vietnamese attack South, killing U.S. morale.
Term
Nixon Doctrine
Definition
Fuck around behind the scenes in southeast asia and hope it works out.
Term
War Power Resolution
Definition
President can send troops for up to 6 months with just notification of congress, not approval.
Term
Nixon's Domestic Policy
Definition
Basically disinterested. Hands it over to his staff. Typical Republican stuff.
Term
Nixon's Foreign Policy
Definition
Opened relations with China. Understood different forms of communism. Understood global politics on a huge scale.
Term
Détente
Definition
Tried to avoid conflict with Soviets.
Term
Anti-Nuclear Treaty
Definition
Under Nixon. What do you think it does?
Term
SALT Treaty (1972)
Definition
Containment plus.
Term
10% Plan
Definition
Lincoln's reconstruction plan. Once 10% of a Confederate State swears an oath to the Union, they return to the Union. They need to ratify the 13th amendment, and the President controls pardoning Confederates.
Term
Wade-Davis Bill
Definition
Vetoed by Lincoln. 50% need to swear oath. Congress controls reconstruction.
Term
Dual Citizenship Argument
Definition
There's state citizenship and federal citizenship for all citizens.
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
Equal protection for all citizens. Basically a black law at first.
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
Voting rights for blacks.
Term
17th Amendment
Definition
Direct election of senators.
Term
18th Amendment
Definition
Prohibition.
Term
19th Amendment
Definition
Dude. Women can VOTE now? What's next? Driving?
Term
21st Amendment
Definition
Repeal of Prohibition
Term
Slaughterhouse Cases
Definition
1873. 14th Amendment only for blacks, and even if it weren't, there are state rights and federal rights. Procedural due process and substantive due process rights involved in the suit by the butchers are not protected by the federal government. The state has the right to use its own military.
Term
Munn vs. Illinois
Definition
1877. Freight elevators State has right to regulate industry if it's in the public interest. Implies that 14th amendment is only for blacks.
Term
Civil Rights Cases of 1883
Definition
Private citizens are not covered by 14th amendment. Shift in 14th amendment interpretation from pro-black to pro-business
Term
Wabash
Definition
1866. Modifies Munn to say that states cannot regulate a business that is interstate in nature, even within their own state. Leads to development of ICC.
Term
Santa Clara
Definition
1866. Corporations are people too!
Term
E.C. Knight Sugar Case
Definition
1895. Sugar refining isn't trade of commerce, and thus can't be regulated by 14th amendment. It's manufacturing, not trade.
Term
Plessy vs. Fergusson
Definition
1896. Separate but equal.
Term
Shank
Definition
1919. Detention is legal if there's a clear and present danger. Abused for Japanese internment camps.
Term
Schecter Brothers
Definition
NRA declared unconstitutional, because it violated interstate commerce for a bunch of jews.
Term
Compromise of 1877
Definition
Democrats give up right to the presidency in exchange for an end to reconstruction.
Term
Tariffs
Definition
McKinley Tariff of 1890, Payne-Aldridge (under Taft), Dingley (1897), Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922ish
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