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History and Systems of Psych Midterm 1
people/terms/themes for history and systems of psychology first exam
28
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
03/01/2013

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Cards

Term
Popper
Definition
-Theory guides observation -Science seeks rejection or disproof of theory (scientific rigor) vs non-science seek confirmation of theory
Term
Kuhn
Definition

-Subjectivity exists in science (bias) Paradigms govern science, contain beliefs (theories) and methods (empirical).

-Unusual finidings (disrupting preconceived paradigms) demand shifts leading to scientific revolution

Term
Heisenberg
Definition

-Heisenbergs Uncertainty principal = "Nothing can be known with certainty in science".

-Put limits on absolutism

Term
Stevens
Definition

-Says science is a cycle, flowing from inductive to deductive periods

 

-Schema/Empiric approach

Term
Personalistic History
Definition

-power of one individuals scientific contribution vs Zeitgeist 

Term
Naturalistic History (Zeitgeist)
Definition

-Ideas shifting to a direction on its own. If one individual didn't, someone else would have come to the conclusion on their own due to the thought of the times.

 

-Klipic thinks history is more naturalistic than personalistic

Term
Nativism
Definition
-belief that we are born with knowledge, human behavior caused by inheritance, and are instinctual
Term
Presentism
Definition
Only present things exist. Future/past things unreal, using contemporary knowledge and standards to interpret and evaluate the past and historical events
Term
Paradigm (Kuhn)
Definition

Widely accepted viewpoint of researchers at any time

Term
Psychic Determinism
Definition

-Mind causes all behavior (mental and physical) to occur

-Behavior learned from subjective/cognitive/emotional events

-Mind determines what body does (Free will)

 

Active mind

Term
Physical Determinism
Definition

-Body causes behavior to occur

 

-behavior learned from genes/environment/culture

-quantifiable/measurable

 

-Passive mind

Term
Interdeterminism
Definition

Behavior is determined, but affects results when trying to measure it

 

events not caused by prior events

Term
uncertainty principle
Definition
Nothing is certain in science. what we know to be true based on observation, but you can never be sure on the observations themselves (looking at an electron can affect its activity)
Term
Schema/Empiric Approach
Definition

-S.S. Stevens view

 

-deductive (theoretical) periods lead to inductive (empirical) periods, where unusual findings lead to deductive periods (theoretical change

Term
Deductive Reasoning
Definition
-Theoretical, using logical breakdown
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
-coming to a conclusion based on observation/empiricism
Term
Mind/Body problem
Definition

Do the mind and body exist? what is the mind, where is the body, and are the mind & body separate or the same?

Term
Monism
Definition

Belief that only the mind or body exist, but not both (singular reality)

 

a.) Materialism- only body exists

b.) Idealism- Only mind exists (body is figment of imagination)

Term
Dualism
Definition
Both mind and body exist, are seperate from each other
Term
Epiphenomenalism
Definition

Both Mind and Body exist, Mental event is an artifact of awareness of the bodily process

-Therefore the body is the sole determiner of behavior both physical and mental

 

(B-->M)

Term
Interactionism
Definition

-Both mind and body exist and they influence each other reciprocally

 

(B <---> M)

Term
Empiricism
Definition
Belief that we learn everything (attributes and behavior) through interactions with the environment (Baby Behaviorism)
Term
Double (Dual) Aspectism
Definition

Both mind and body exist, are inseparable from each other and both influenced by mental and physical events

 

(E--->MB)

Term
Psychophysical Parallelism
Definition

Neither the mind nor body influences each other, but are similarly linked to the environment

 

(E-->M)(E-->B)

Term
Pre-established harmony
Definition

both mind and body exist independently, but appear interrelated due to the influence of an external agent (e.g. fate)

 

(EA-->M) (EA-->B)

Term

Contrast Greek science with modern science focusing on what they have in common as well as where they differ.

Definition

Greek Science—Dogmatic based on authority figures. Based on the people who were able to reason out the mysteries of the universe.  Not a lot of experiments could be done, so if you had good reason, you were in power.  Believed in more dogmatism and followed whatever the head mind of the time believed.

Modern Science—Data stands by itself.  Tries to explain the mysteries of the universe, but they are more powerful when backed with data rather than theory and reason.  More theoretical research.

-Skinner- so much power given- have we truly disowned dogmatic science?

BOTH— Both are data driven yet data was interpreted differently.  Tried to explain the universe and what controls things.  Both have a recognition that you cannot trust your senses.  Uses sensory information.

Term

What benefit can you derive from a detailed study of the history of psychology?

Definition

-Gain perspective (we appreciate subject matter of modern psychology)

-Gain deeper understanding (understanding of importance)

-Recognition of fads and trends and avoid history of mistakes

-Begin to see how the things we are committed to now have huge issues yet have been around for many years and they will not get resolved.  How you fit in the big picture of psychology and understand the future by knowing the past of psychology. 

-How the study of philosophy and physiology can interrelate and help explain how human nature occurs and where it was derived from.  Helps prevent from reinventing the wheel, others failures can give ideas on how to fix things.

a. patterns of the past

Term

How do the concepts of presentism, personalistic approaches and zeitgeist relate to the study of history? 

Definition

Presentism relates to the study of history because it uses our contemporary knowledge and methods to explain events in the past.

-interpreting and evaluating historical events with contemporary knowledge


Personalistic approaches deal with how the people of the time came into power of their certain type of knowledge

-acknowledging the finding to the mind and creativeness of the person vs. the zeitgeitst  


Zeitgeist deals with what the culmination of the people were doing at the time.  Spirit of the times in regard to science and intellectual endeavors.

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