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1849 - physicist who measured the speed of light |
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1819-1868 Pendulum-earth rotates on an axis-gyroscope |
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| (Russ.) 1869 - periodic table of elements |
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| 1910 - established atomic numbers |
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| (Ger.) 1895 - discovered X-rays |
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| (Brit.) 1897 - established existence of electrons |
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| (N.Z., Brit.) 1899, 1911 - alpha and beta particles, nuclear theory of the atom |
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| (Brit.) 1912 - explained what isotopes were |
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| (Dan.) 1913 - developed an atomic model, quantam studies |
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| The Curies (Marie, Pierre, Jacques) |
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| 1898, 1902, 1910 - study of radioactivity, discovering radium, treatise of radioactivity |
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| (U.S.) 1929 - telescope, proposed expanding universe |
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| (Brit.) 1932 - discovered neutrons |
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| Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, O.R. Frisch |
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| Team that discovered nuclear fission |
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| (Aust.) mechanism for detonating atomic bomb |
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| (Ital.) 1942 - first sustained nuclar reaction |
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| Co patent holder with Fermi |
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| In Einstein's lifetime he joined... |
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light to time, time to space, energy to matter, matter to space, space to gravitation He wanted to unify gravitation to electricity and magnetism |
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| (Quote) It is important that students bring a certain ragamuffin, barefoot irreverence to their studies; they are not here to worship what is known but to question it. |
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| The Ascent of Man, p. 360 |
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| (Quote) I am now convinced that theoretical physics is actual philosophy. |
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| Max Born in The Ascent of Man, p. 364 |
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| "When a culture becomes overloaded with pictures; when logic and rhetoric lose their binding authority; when the spoken or written word is distrusted or makes demand on our attention that we are incapable of giving; when our politics, history, education, religion, public information, and commerce are expressed largely in visual imagery rather than words, then a culture is in serious jeopardy" |
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"To believe, in the guise of religious faith, what is, on scientific or philosopical grounds, factually untrue is to be superstitious. Superstition is a counterfeit of religion and a perversion of it. Superstitions, like articles of faith, are beyond proof by evidence or reasons, but they are not beyond being disproved or discredited." |
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| Mortimer J. Adler Truth in Religion |
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| "If anyone claims to know that the quantum theory is all about, they havn't understood it." |
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| "Almost all aspects of life are engineered at the molecular level and without understanding the molecules we can only have a very sketchy understanding of life itself." |
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| "Chrysippus holds that beauty does not exist in the elements, but in the symmetry of the parts." |
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| "God created the integers, all else is the work of man." |
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| "Time and space are modes by which we think and not conditions in which we live." |
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| "He gave man speech and speech created thought, which is a measure of the universe." |
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"We are much more on the 'leash' of our own DNA than we previously thought." |
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I'd be willing to die for one of my children.... two of my brothers... four of my cousins...or, eight of my second cousins. |
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Sociobiology is a hybrid of... |
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Ethology (behavior under natural conditions), Ecology (relation of organisms to their environment), and Genetics (relation of biological principles to behavior) |
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| Sociobiology is based largely on: |
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Comparisons of social species, stories of Darwinian selections as individual reproductive success, and broadened selection comparisons (kin selection, altruism, etc.) |
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| Problems with sociobiology |
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| Politics, speed of cultural change vs. biological (isn't Darwinian), and poor evidence---stories are more powerful than evidence. |
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| (1785-1851) 1820 - "Birds of America", studied migration, killed birds to study, early conservation and protector of endangered species |
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| (1838-1914) Founder of Sierra club, a leader in establishing national parks, worked with Theodore Roosevelt |
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| (1817-1862) Wrote Civil Disobedience and Walden (Life in the Woods) |
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| (Pres. 1901-1904) Established wildlife refuges, forest service |
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| (1887-1948) Sand County Almanac, forest worker, farm in Wisconsin, protection of endangered species |
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| Silent Spring, Sea Around Us, had masters in Zoology |
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| 1968 - Population Bomb, war, pestulence, and famine |
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| (1944-) actively involved in improving environment, The Vanishing Air, Water Lords (environmental stress) |
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| Comes from Greed "oikos" meaning house |
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| (Gr.) 1840 - zoological researcher, sharks and rays, proposed the germ theory of disease |
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| (U.S.) 1846 - popularized use of anesthetics, dental surgeon, nitrous oxide and ether |
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| (Hung.) 1850 - promoter of aseptic surgery, hand washing |
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| (Brit.) 1850-60's - great promoter of disease theory, sanitation problems |
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| (Brit.) 1865 - proposed carbolic acid for cleaning and killing bacteria, supported Pasteur |
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| (Ger.) 1870-80's - won Nobel prize in 1905, isolated bacterial strains |
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| (Ger.) - 1886 - Germ theory, steam instrumental sterilization |
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| (Russ.) 1888 - Nobel prize 1908, worked in Pasteur lab, identified that WBCs were indicative of infection, associated with immunity, recognized health of gut based on bacteria |
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| (U.S.) 1900 - physician, identified mosquitos as vector for yellow fever |
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| (U.S.) 1902 - rediscovered Mendel, worked with Boveri and Morgan, studied fruit fly, 1933 |
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| Problems when trying to scientifically study prayer |
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| How do you perform a double blind study, what variables can you control? |
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| A universally recognized scientific achievement that for a time provides model problems and solutions to a community of practitioners |
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| Research firmly based upon one or more paradigms previously established |
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| The shift in professional commitment away from one paradigm toward another |
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| Philosophy of Religion: Miracles and Revelation, and Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion |
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| Important rules of good science |
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| Science should be based on observation and hypothesis testing, Hypotheses should be able to make prediction; tests should be repeatable, hypotheses should be falsifiable, conclusions should be bias-free, supernatural forces cannot be used as evidence, science should be considered to be tentative, science should avoid teleologies-should stay within its domain |
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| "if all truth is God's truth, how can science ever be in conflict with faith?" |
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| Atheism on other grounds, often coupled with imperfection in biological systems, argues against a creator |
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| Scientific truth is objective ad is (or should be) independent of religious assumptions. Arguments for or against God from natural processes are logically flawed, and vice versa. |
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| Gradual Creation (Theistic Evolution) |
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| Evolution is Go's way of creation, just as gravitation is God'sway of controlling the Earth's movement. Creation is the ultimate origin of the universe and continues at each moment in its maintenance. |
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| Progressive creation (Limited Evolution) |
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| The great age of the universe, earth, and life are accepted as is the existence of as much evolutionary change as is directly shown by fossils. New lineages (including humans) are regarded as separate acts of special creation. The complexity of the new forms, when created, increases progressively through time. |
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Quick Creation ("Scientific Creationism") |
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| The Earth is only a few thousand years old. The geological column formed in a year-long global flood. Evolutionary change is only within "kind". |
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Personal Narrative - influenced Darwin |
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Introduction to the Study of Natural Philosophy - influenced Darwin |
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| Ruling party of Darwin's day - conservative |
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| opponents of Tories, extended suffrage, open competition, religious freedom, against slavery |
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| Somebody who doesn't adhere to the 39 articles of Anglican church |
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| Somebody who rejected dogma for rational thinking |
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| Darwin family had been this, more emphasis of freedom and tolerance, don't believe in Trinity |
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Evidences of Christianity and Natural Theology - influcenced Darwin |
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Principles of Geology (1830) Earth is older than we think, influenced Darwin |
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| Zoonomia (1837), influenced Darwin |
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| An essay on the Principle of Population (1826), influenced Darwin |
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| Natural History of Animals (1815-1822), influenced Darwin |
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| Cell science, genetics, DNA, mutations (variation source), plate tectonics, age measurement technology |
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| You carry on pieces of matter from generation to generation |
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| "That's all it (Natural selection) is...just adaptation to the local environment |
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"It would be impossible to scientifically refute the idea that all was created yesterday - complete with memory, history, our minds, etc" |
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1869 - identified what he called "nuclein" |
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| 1928 - Discovered DNA and RNA |
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| 1940 - found equal amounds of purines and pyrimidines, A=T, G=C |
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| Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty |
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| DNA is the reproductive material |
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| Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin |
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| Worked with X-ray diffraction |
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| Natural Selection + Molecular Biology = |
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| Modern Evolution Synthesis |
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| (1918-1988) - early worker on the Manhatten project |
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| Committed suicide because he was discourages about atomic theory |
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(1822-95),crystallography and optics, fermentation, spontaneous generation, antiseptic and aseptic medicine, anthrax vaccine |
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| Poets and writers in 19th century, search for reality with religious pretext |
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| What is beyond nature is revealed to us through nature. The miraculus is revealed through the scientific and the natural |
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choosing the best from many sources |
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| A person's adapted comprehensive worldview |
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| 1. Hold views with tantativeness, 2. Take the long view, 3. Realize that the world is ultimately tragic, 4. Realizing that there is suffering-be compassionate, 5. Be amused in a serious way with life |
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| Underlying principle of all ethics |
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| like peace, fairness, loyalty, tolerance, compassion, forgiveness "science" |
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| Possible sources of homosexuality |
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Hormone/developmental Environmental/developmental Psychological/developmental Evolutionary Choice |
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