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History and Lit--Composers
Important composers of Western Civilization
58
Music
Graduate
12/30/2011

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Term
Milton Babbit
Definition
American composer who first applied serial organization to dimensions other than pitch. Music like science ""who care's if you listen"
Term
J.S. Bach
Definition
Baroque Organist and composer
Wrote sacred cantatas for Lutheran church service (choral/solo with orchestral accompaniment)
Brandenburg concertos
Well-Tempered Clavier
Fugues
Term
Bela Bartok
Definition
Hungarian composer
Collector of Folk-music
Don't Quote folk-music--let it become a part of you
Term
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Definition
Term
Hector Berlioz
Definition
Term
Johannes Brahms
Definition
Term
Anton Bruckner
Definition
Term
Elliot Carter
Definition
Term
Aaron Copland
Definition
Studied with Nadia Boulanger
Neoclassicist, Nationalist, Modernist, Serialist
Populist
(Rodeo,
Term
Frederic Chopin
Definition
Term
Claude Debussy
Definition
Established the French music tradition
Considered impressionistic (though he didn't want to be)
His opera changed the opera tradition--very anti-Wagnerian
Gamelon--pentatonic scales (world's fair 1889)
Term
Guillaume Dufay
Definition
Term
Edward Elgar
Definition
Term
George Gershwin
Definition
"Third Stream" Jazz and Classical
Porgy and Bess
Term
Philip Glass
Definition
Term
Christoph Gluck
Definition
Term
George Handel
Definition
Baroque German composer
Known for his Italian Operas and English Oratorios (including Messiah)
Term
Howard Hanson
Definition
Term
Franz Joseph Haydn
Definition
Term
Gustav Holst
Definition
Term
Hildegard von Bingen
Definition
Term
Charles Ives
Definition
Anticipatory composer
Using cluster chords before they were named
Real-life sound--bands clashing
Term
Libby Larsen
Definition
Term
Orlando di Lasso
Definition
Term
Gustav Mahler
Definition
Important Post-Romantic Composer
Orchestral music--10 symphonies
Song cycles with Orchestra (ven mein schatz)
Term
Olivier Messiaen
Definition
Term
Claudio Montiverdi
Definition
Term
W.A. Mozart
Definition
Term
Thea Musgrave
Definition
Term
Palestrina
Definition
Term
Krzysztof Penderecki
Definition
Term
Perotin
Definition
Term
Giacomo Puccini
Definition
Term
Sergey Rachmaninoff
Definition
Term
Jean-phillipe Rameau
Definition
Term
Maurice Ravel
Definition
French composer--Neo-classic
Drew upon many sources--Jazz, Liszt, Baroque, etc.
Also considered "impressionist" as he worked from themes rather than textures.
Brilliant Orchestrator
Orchestral music, ballets, 2 operas, chamber music, piano music.
Term
Arnold Schoenberg
Definition
Atonality
At first tried to write by instinct as direct expression of subconscious.
12-tone method
He taught Anton Webern and Alban Berg
German/Jewish
Term
Franz Schubert
Definition
Viennese composer who created more than six hundred Lieder and several famous song cylcles
Erlkonig
Die Schone Mullerin
Term
William Schuman
Definition
Term
Robert Schumann
Definition
German composer (1810-1856)
Married to Clara
Song cycle and lieder
Term
Heinrich Schutz
Definition
Term
Dmitri Shostakovich
Definition
Neo-classic/ during Nazi Regime
Attempted to conform to bureaucratic wishes
emphasized parody and satire
Lady Macbeth/symphony #5
Term
Bedrich Smetana
Definition
Bohemian composer/czech nationalist
8 operas (the bardered bride)
Orchestral music--My country: The Moldau
Term
William Grant Still
Definition
African-American composer (mid 1900's)--earned a number of firsts for blacks in classical music.
Afro-American Symphony (first work performed by a major symphony orchestra)
Orchestral music
4 ballets
Vocal music, choral music, chamber music, piano music, film scores
Term
Richard Strauss
Definition
Post-Romantic
Known for programmatic symphonic poems
Opera--salome, elektra, der rosenkavalier
Term
Igor Stravinzky
Definition
Primitivism
Firebird Suite
Studied under Rimsky-Korsakov
Very clean breaks between compositional periods:
Student period
Nationalist Period
Neoclassic period
Serialist Period

He is nicknamed the "Chameleon"
He drops earlier elements of his composition completely as he changes styles.
Term
Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky
Definition
BALLET (late 1800's) Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, Nutcracker suite
Term
Joan Tower
Definition
Contemporary American Composer "Fanfare for the Uncommon woman"
Term
Giuseppe Verdi
Definition
Italian nationalist and Romantic opera composer (28 operas)
Term
Antonio Vivaldi
Definition
Baroque Composer:
Orchestral music (over 239 violin concertos, the four seasons)
Chamber music (sonatas and trio sonatas)
Vocal music (oratioros and magnificat)
Term
Richard Wagner
Definition
German Romantic Composer best known for Opera
Music dramas united by leitmotifs--Gesamtkunstwerk
High emotional quality
chromatic dissonance

The Ring Cycle:
Das rheingold, Die Walkure, Siegfried, Gotterdammerung, Parsifal
Term
Anton Webern
Definition
Pupil of Arnold Schoenberg
Short works--unusual combinations of instruments in extreme registers
Serialist in more than just melody
Term
Ellen Taffe Zwilich
Definition
American composer, the first female composer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music.
Atonal
Post-modern/neo-romantic

smaller-scale concertos for relatively uncommon instruments.

small number of choral works and song cycles.

Peanuts Gallery
Millenium fantasy
Term
Paul Hindemith (20th Century)
Definition
Mainly Neo-classicism (Baroque)
Fortspinnung
"Musician's Musician"
Gebrauchmusik--music for use. Valid rep for every instrument.
Term
Prokofiev (20th Century)
Definition
ncredible Orchestrator
Classic form/lyricism
Modernistic melody/harmony (innovation)
Motoric rhythm (toccata like)
Term
Samuel Barber
Definition
American "Melodist"
Neo-romanticism
Traditional forms
Very emotive
Term
Bernstein
Definition
Wrote West Side Story
Term
Benjamin Britten
Definition
Populist
Neo-classic/Neo-romantic
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