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history and culture terms
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57
English
11th Grade
01/16/2010

Additional English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
celts
Definition

Invaders to Iberian British Islands

    •  
      • Gods centered around nature
      • Worshipped outdoors
      • Stories and hanging mistletoe(brought love)
  • Tribes
    • Brythongs- England
    • Gaels- ireland
Term
druids
Definition
Priests, danced and worshiped
Term
stonehedge
Definition

 

  • Celtic didn’t build it but used it as worship cite
    • HUGE Stones were from another area. How? Without Modern Technoology?
    • Movement of the stars- every seasaon rocks represent stars
Term
romans
Definition

 

  • Pope of rome sent St. Augustine  to England(Archbishop of Canterbury)
  • St Columbus to Scotland
  • St patrick to Ireland
    • Saints through their travels
Term
angles saxons jutes
Definition

 

  • Brought English language- Germanic
    • Germanic tribes invade England, live  there (farming)

 

Term
germanic language
Definition

anglo saxon and Jute english language

(farming words)

Term
monks, monastaries
Definition

- Scribes- who copied books , convert to christianity

center of Education and learning in England (christiainty, latin greek philosophy and astronomy), Had books

 

Term
st augustine
Definition
 Pope of rome sent him to England(Archbishop of Canterbury)
Term
oral tradition
Definition
passed down by word of mouth
Term
scops
Definition
story teller of Anglo Saxon stories like Beowulf
Term
exeter book
Definition
contains The Seafarer, by also contains over 30 poems and 90 riddles. It is Anglo-Saxon
Term
epic
Definition

 

long narrative poem about the adventures of a hero, in verse tells a story.

  •  
    • Literary epic(author) not Folk(unknown author, oral)
    • Blank verse- unrhymed iambic pentameter
Term
Mead
Definition
beer, men drink in Beowulf
Term
Mead hall
Definition
fortress. community center bar that served Mead in Beowulf
Term
Gleemen
Definition
harpists in Anglo Saxon literatire
Term
wyrd
Definition

evil fate

force

(_ sisters in Beowulf)

Term
Comitatus
Definition

 comradeship, loyal clan for each other, defend eachother no matter what

(Beowulf)

Term
old english
Definition
using Runes- English characters
Term
norman invasion
Definition

william the conquerer invades  england across the english channel

 

Term
feudalism
Definition
  no central government, splitting up land with lords and nobles. King divided land(fief) and gave to lords. (knights and serfs)
Term
chivalry
Definition
 Knight code of Honor- fair fighting, respect for women, polite behavior
Term
crusades
Definition

 

  • Pope in rome wanted knights to regain holy land for Christians- Muslims have taken in
    • Noble idea- restore religion
  • 200 years of wars
    • Take treasures from other coutries if they won
    • Become stealers not as respected
    • Muslims- infidels (crusaders called them this- unfaithful to Christians)
  • Back and forth muslim and Christian
  • Last one- children's crusade- young boys, ran out of adults.
    • So many deaths
    • Bloody
  • ENDED IN FAILURE - left to Muslims
Term
catholic church
Definition

whole country is converted to Catholic

  •  
    • Others are persecuted
    • Power corrupts
      • Priests and bishops had a lot of power, lived wealthy
      • People did it because of excommunicated (no one speaks to you and go to hell)
      • Cathedrals were built - stunning art
        • Built on backs of peasants - work and give money
      • Celibacy- Priests and nuns having sexual affairs and getting away with it not punished
        • No one would say anything to them
Term
printing press
Definition

Germany - Johanas Gutenberg

  • Not only Monks can have books.
  • Now everyone controls education and knowledge
  • A say  of learning
  • Learning how to read and wri
Term
Magna carta
Definition

medival times 

  • Rights to all Englishmen
  • Limits the King
  • Started Parliament, legislature (all Lords)
Term
bubonic plague
Definition

 

Black Plague Black Death

  • 1/3 population of Europe dead
    • Couldn’t bury dead wiyth diginity, dig big pits.
  • Didn’t know it was contageous until later
  • Closed Shakespeare's theater for a year
  • No funerals or public gatherings,  Churches closed
  • Blamed people not any other causes
    • Women= Witches
    • Jews
    • God's punishment on sinners
  • GOOD= labor was scarce so poor was needed to work
    • Better money
    • Better conditions
    • Serfs were in demand
    • Peasants REVOLT- against the lords for better work pay END OF FEUDALISM
Term
Thomas a Becket
Definition

Canterbury Tales, Canterbury, England -

  •  
    • Arch bishop of Canterbury-
    • Pope vs. King Henry II-
      •  pope wanted thomas to side with him.
      • King was friends with Thomas.
      • Thomas in the middle of fight.
      • Good catholic and sides with the Pope. King is furious
      • "Who will rid me of the Priest?"(about Thomas said by King) (Knights will take care of this and killed Thomas)
      • KING WAS MAD!- he was his friend, not really kill him. GUILT
        • Pilgrimage to where Thomas was murdered. Shrine to Thomas (Saint, martyr for religious beliefs)
Term
Canterbury
Definition
city in England (setting of Canterbury tales)
Term
Physiogonomy
Definition
you can tell one's personality from their physical characteristics
Term
humors
Definition

 fluids in your body (4)

  • Balance of the fluids determined your health and personality
Term
middle english
Definition
monks wrote in 3 times of english, normal one
Term
renaissance
Definition
rebirth of art and culture, started after the crusades. shift in philosophy- from religious was the center and god, to humanism and man it the center of universe. beautyy of love earth nature
Term
protestant reformation
Definition

away form catholic church. Martin Luther started it and did not like the selling of pardons and abuses of church . wrote a list of criticisms- 95 theses and was excommunicated.

started protestant and lutheran religions

Term
henry VIII
Definition

King of England wanted sons had 6 wives

catherine of aragon

anne boleyn

jane seymour

anne of cleves- political

catherine howard

catherine parr

Term
Catherine of Aragon
Definition
child- mary, Henry divorced her and exiled her and Mary, Church of England granted the divorce
Term
Anne Boleyn
Definition
child- elizabeth. beheaded her
Term
Bloody Mary
Definition

Catherine of Aragon's daughter

persecuted 300 church of England proiests (burned at stake)

Catohlic

Term
Elizabeth I
Definition

anne boleyn's child

virgin but had affairs

elizabethean age - shakespeare played for her

church of england - tolerant of catholics

Mary Queen of Scott plans against her and she exiles her and kills her

Term
Mary Queen of Scotts
Definition

elizabeth I cousin

plans against her and is exiled and killed

her son is James VI scotland James I England

Term
Spanish Armada
Definition

since this was defeated English took over and explored the new world. Jamestown Mayflower colony, Mass Bay colony,

Sir Francis Drake

Term
James I
Definition

ruled scotland and england. Mary queen of Scotts son

Church of England and persecuted Puritans (Mass bay colony)

King James Bible

Jamestown mayflower colony

Term
Demonologie
Definition

book about anti witch hysteria-  ways of wtiches

Wave of persecution 

Term
Petrarch
Definition

Italian sonnet->

  1.  
    1. Octave (8 lines) and a sestet (6 lines)
      1. Abba, abba, cd, cd, cd, cde, cde
    1. Problem is in the octave, solution in the sestet
Term
Shakespeare
Definition

wrote sonnets and addressed them to Dark Lady (his lover with fair complexion and dark hair)

Format- 3 quatrains and couplet

abab cdcd efef gg

Term
Stratford, London
Definition
Shakespeare born here. Anne Hathaway Dark Lady is there
Term
Anne Hathaway
Definition
Shakespeare's lover not wife. Dark Lady, lived in Stratford, London fair dark complexion
Term
Liberties
Definition
 All theater in rugged land, crossed river- Theater district in London. not allowed to build theaters in Puritan part of England so crossed river
Term
Globe Theater
Definition

 

  • King and Queen plays went to them Queen Elizabeth I
  • Puritans hate plays- strict, sinful, work and prayer , nothing fancy for them
    • Anne was a Puritan
  • Multisided- thrust stages- into audience, seats covered
  • poor standing in middle (groundlings, pennypublick one cent to go)
    • Criticism, Rotten Tomatoes throw trash - incouraged excellance and to be better
  • 2000 people
Term
Groundlings
Definition

poor standing in middle pennypublick one cent to go

  •  
    • Criticism, Rotten Tomatoes throw trash - incouraged excellance and to be better
Term
Elizabethan theatre
Definition
 no actresses, plays during the day, people threw things
Term
tragic hero
Definition
noble, good, oposesses flaw, death is logical based on earlier actions, death produces catharsis(release of tension followed by joy), ends with death or downfall, story of the hero, faces death with dignity
Term
cavaliers
Definition

civil war vs Puritan and roundhead

also called Royalists - rode horse and were elgant Anglican (carpe diem - cease the day)

Term
puritans
Definition

also called roundheads.

vs cavaliers or royalists in civil war in England

simple life outlawed everything fun even shaespeare's thater. Oliver Cromwell is leader

Term
carpe diem
Definition

cease the day. make the best of the present

slogan for cavaliers/ royalists

Term
Charles I
Definition

after james I

hates puritans and they have him beheaded

war starts and puritans take over

Term
Oliver Cromwell
Definition
leader of puritans. lord protector of civil war
Term
invaders to british islands
Definition

celts

vikings

anglo

saxon

jutes

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