Term
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Definition
| Location: in the sella turcica; depression in sphenoid bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis |
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Term
| Adenohypophysis-Embryonic origin |
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Definition
| Rathke's pouch of oral ectoderm |
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Term
| Neurohypophysis- embryonic origin |
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Definition
| infundibulum of floor of diencephalon (neuroectoderm) |
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Term
| Divisions of Neurohypophysis |
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Definition
1. median eminence
2. infundibulum
3. pars nervosa |
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Term
| Divisions of adenohypophysis |
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Definition
1. pars tuberalis
2. pars distalis
3. pars intermedia |
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Term
| Neurohypophysis: cell bodies |
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Definition
cell bodies are located in nuclei in the hypothalamus
axons extend down into pituitary
cell bodies make the oxytocin and vasopressin and transport the vesicles down to be secreted in the pars nervosa |
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Term
| Hypothalamohypophyseal tract |
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Definition
unmyelinated axons from neurons with perikarya in PVN and SON
pass through infundibular stalk |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aggregations of large secretory granules containing vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysic |
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Term
|
Definition
special type of glial cells
contain glial filaments (GFAP)
contain lipid droplets
processes ensheath some neuronal terminals, blocking their access to capillaries
Support axons and function in secretion
very plastic, so either allow axon access to capillary |
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Term
| Stimulation of the oxytocin or vasopressin neurocytes |
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Definition
| results in retraction of the pitiucyte process allowing axon access to perivascular space |
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Term
|
Definition
causes milk ejection "letdown" during suckling, touch receptors to mammary gland
stimulates uterine contraction during parturition |
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Term
| Oxytocin and uterine contraction |
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Definition
| stretch receptors in the cervix ---> hyothalamus---> action potential ---> release oxytocin ---> uterus contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
a.k.a. ADH
stimulates water re-absorbtion in the kidney
decreases urine volume
increases blood pressure by stimulating contraction of SM in arterioles
diabetes insepidus: low levels of vasopressin
results in increase thirst (polydipsia) and copious urine production |
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|
Term
| Vasopressin neuron regulation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Adenohypophysis: Cell types |
|
Definition
Chromatophils
Chromatophobes
folliculostellate cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| cells with specific granules that stain with common dyes |
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Term
|
Definition
| reserve or undifferentiated cells stain very little |
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Term
|
Definition
| cells with unknown function: long processes, gap junctions with each other |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Chromatophils---> acidophils |
|
Definition
80%
Lactotrophs-->prolactin= mammary gland milk production
somatrophs--> growth hormone= adipose tissue (elevated free fatty acids), muscle (hyperglycemia), liver (somatomedins, insulin-like growth factors) to the epiphyseal plate for bone growth
Somatolactotrophs---> GH and prolactin |
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|
Term
| Chromatophils ---> Basophils |
|
Definition
20%
Thyrotrops-->
--->TSH= thyroxine (T4 and T3 metabolism, body temp. etc.)
Adrenocorticotrops---> ACTH= adrenal cortex (cortisol for glucose metabolism or corticosterone for gulcose metabolism)
--->MSH (melanocytes)
--->Beta endorphin
Gonadotrophs ---> LH and FSH |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ovulation and progesterone secretion |
|
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Term
|
Definition
follicular development
oocyte maturation
estrogen secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of FSH in Testis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood supply to the anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
| superior hypophyseal artery |
|
|
Term
| branches of superior hypophyseal artery |
|
Definition
| supply: pars tuberalis, infundibulum, primary capillary plexus in the median eminence |
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|
Term
| Veinous drainage of anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
long portal vessels connect primary capillary plexus with the secondary capillary plexus in the anterior lobe and bring hypothalmic releasing hormones
efferent veins drain capillary plexus in the anterior and posterior lobes |
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Term
| Regulation of Adenohypophyseal hormone secretion |
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Definition
Hypothalmic releasing hormones
hypothalmin inhibiting hormones |
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Term
|
Definition
GnRH-gonadotropin releasing hormone
GHRH- growth hormone releasing hormone
TRH- thyrotropin releasing hormone
CRH-corticotropin releasing hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
GHIH- growth hormone inhibiting hormone
PIH- prolactin inhibitin hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
-delayed puberty
infertility |
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Term
|
Definition
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