Term
| Mention the three types of muscle. |
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Definition
| SKELETAL ,SMOOTH, CARDIAC |
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Term
| In what portions the skeletal muscle is not voluntary. |
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Definition
| UPPER 3RD OF THE ESOPHAGUS & AT THE OROPHARYNX |
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Term
| What name does the muscle cell receive? |
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Definition
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Term
| The absence of this cell junction characterizes the skeletal muscle fibre. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ARRANGEMENT OF SACROMERES |
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Term
| What are the myofilaments?` |
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Definition
| THICK MYOSIN AND THIN ACTIN FILAMENTS |
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Term
| What proportion of the skeletal muscle fibre is occupied by mitochondria? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the endomysium, perimysium and epimysium arranged? |
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Definition
| ENDOMYSIUM SURROUNDS MUSCLE FIBER,PERIMYSIUM SURROUNDS BUNDLES OF MUCLE FIBER,EPIMYSIUM SURROUNDS SEVERAL BUNDLES. |
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Term
| What lines define the limits of the sarcomere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Make an overall assessment of the organization of the sarcomere, characterizing the location of the bands and lines within. |
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Definition
| DARK BANDS ARE THE A BANDS, H BAND IS PALE BAND OF THE A BAND WHERE FILAMENTS DO NOT OVERLAP, M LINE IS THE LIGHT ZONE OF THE H BAND AND CONATINS THE LATERAL CONNECTIONS OF THE FILAMENTS, THE LIGHTEST BANDS ARE THE I BANDS WHICH ARE BISECTED BY THE Z LINE. |
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Term
| What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the transverse tubules and where are they located with relation to the sarcomere? |
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Definition
| LOCATED AT THE A-I JUNCTION AND THE Y SPREAD THE DEPOLARIZATION IMPLUSE |
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Term
| What elements make the triad? |
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Definition
| Expanded cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of each side adjacent to each T tubule. |
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Term
| What is troponin and tropomyosin? |
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Definition
| RELATED TO ACTIN MOLECULE AND ESSENTIAL IN CONTRACTION. |
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Term
| Mention the events that occur for contraction to happen. |
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Definition
| BINDING OF CALCIUM TO TROPONIN WHICH FORCES TROPOMYOSIN TO MOVE EXPOSINF MYOSIN-BINDING SITES OF ACTIN MOLECULE.MYOSIN BINDS TO ACTIN AND ATP BEAKS INTO ADP.ACTIN FILAMENT SLIDE OVER MYOSIN. |
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Term
| What is a nerve-motor unit? |
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Definition
| ONE MOTOR NUERON FOR EVERY FIBER, NO MATTER HOW MANY FIBERS |
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Term
| What is the relation between the number of fibres innervated by a motor neuron, that allows more or less precise movements? |
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Definition
| THE SMALLER THE# OF FIBERS THE HIGHER THE PRECISION. |
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Term
| What events happen at the neuromuscular junction that induces the muscle fibre depolarization? |
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Definition
| ACETLYCHOLINE IS RELEASED |
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Term
| What is the muscle spindle and what it is made of? |
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Definition
| PROPIOCEPTORS MADE UP OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE , FLUID, THICK AND THIN FIBERS, AND SENSORY NERVE FIBERS. |
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Term
| What is the Golgi tendon organ? |
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Definition
| SENSORY NERVES THAT PENETRATE CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND DECTECT TENSIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TENDONS |
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Term
| Characterize the skeletal muscle insertion. |
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Definition
| COLLAGEN FIBERS DEEPLY INTERTWINED W/MUSCLE FIBERS AND INSERTED INTO INFOLDINGS OF THE PLASMALEMMA OF MUSCLE FIBERS |
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Term
| What characterizes the type I, IIa and IIb skeletal muscle fibres? |
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Definition
| TYPE I=SLOW TWITCH FATIGUE RESISTANT,A LOT OF MITOCHONDRIA, OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION OF FA INCREASE IN SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE, TYPE 2A-FAST TWITCH FATIGUE RESISTANT, MANY MITOCHONDRIA W/GLYCOGEN, LESS MYOGLOBIN, OXI.PHOS. OF FA W/GLYCOLYSIS.TYPE 2B =FATS TWITCH FATIGUE PRONE, LESS MITOCHONDRIA, SCANT MYOGLOBIN,GLYCOLISIS |
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Term
| How are these types of fibres represented in different sports? |
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Definition
| YES TYPE I FOR HIKERS,MARATHONERS, AND TRIATHLETES, TYPE 2A FOR MIDDLE DISTANCE RUNNERS, HOCKEY,WRESTLERS, TYPE 2B FOR WEIGHT LIFTERS AND SHORT DISTANCE RUNNERS |
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Term
| What characterizes the cardiac muscle cell? |
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Definition
| MONONUCLEAR STRAIATED TROUSER SHAPED ,80% OCCUPIED WITH MITOCHONDRIA,INTERCALATED DISK W/GAP JUNCTIONS, FA,AND LIPOFUSCIN. |
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Term
| What volume of the cardiac muscle cell is occupied by mitochondria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main fuel for energy production in the cardiac cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how the atrial natriuretic factor and the brain natriuretic factor are harboured in the atrial cardiac muscle cells. |
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Definition
| GRANULES WHICH ARE ABUNDANT IN JUXTANUCLEAR AREA OF THE CELLS OF THE RA HAVE A HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT PRECURSOR OF ANF&BNF. |
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Term
| Describe the intercalated cells of the cardiac muscle fibres and what is found in their transverse and lateral portions. |
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Definition
| ARE THE LIMIT BET. 2 CONTINUOUS CARDIAC CELLS W/ JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES MADE UP OF A TRANSVERSE PORTION CONTAINING ADHERENTS AND DESMOSOMES PLUS HEMI-Z LINES AND LATERAL PORTION WHICH CONTAINS GAP JUNCTIONS. |
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Term
| Describe the tubular system of the cardiac muscle, comparing it with the skeletal muscle one. |
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Definition
| AT THE Z LINE LEVEL T TUBLES ARE NUMEROUS IN CARDIAC MUSCLE |
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Term
| What replaces the T tubules in the smooth muscle cells? |
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Definition
| RUDIMENTARY SACROPLASMIC RETICULUM |
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Term
| What replaces the Z line in the smooth muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterize of the two patterns of arrangement of smooth muscle. |
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Definition
| SYNCYTIAL=A LOT OF GAP JUNC.,POOR NERVE SUPPLY,SHEETS OF HOLLOW VISERA, & MULTIUNIT=PRECISE AND GRADED CONTRACTION, RICH INNERVATION, FEW GAP JUNC. FOUND IN IRIS OF THE EYE. |
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Term
| How does the nerve supply interacts with the smooth muscle? |
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Definition
| SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISIONS OF AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ACTIVATION |
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Term
| What extracellular proteins can be synthesized by the smooth muscle? |
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Definition
| COLLAGEN,ELASTIN, PROTEOGLYCANS |
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Term
| Characterize the regeneration of the three types of muscle. |
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Definition
| CARDIAC=NO REGEN., SKELE.=LIMITED REGEN. @ SATELITE, AND SMOOTH=EASY REGEN. |
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Term
| What are the satellite cells of the muscle and why are they important? |
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Definition
| spindle-shaped cells that may be quiescent my oblasts THAT AID IN REGEN |
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