Term
| What is the usual blood vessels through which blood generally circulates? |
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Definition
| Arteries-Arterioles-Capillaries-Venules-Veins |
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Term
| Where is tissue fluid is formed at the capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What end of the capillary does the tissue fluid return to circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the excess fluid that is not recovered back by the capillaries? |
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Definition
| Lymph; returns to vena cava to return to circulation |
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Term
| What is the tunica intima formed of? |
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Definition
| endothelium, subendothelium (CT), Internal elastic lamina (musclular and arterioles only) |
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Term
| What is tunica media formed mainly of? |
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Definition
| smooth muscle, (arteries have external elastic lamina) |
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Term
| What is the tunica adventitia formed mainly of? |
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Definition
| collagen and elastic fibers |
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Term
| What is unique in the tunica adventitia in large vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the tunica media of large elastic arteries consist of mainly? |
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Definition
| elastic tissue and smooth muscle; 75-80% of thickness |
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Term
| What part of the nervous system controls vasoconstriction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does atherosclerosis affect? |
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Definition
| elastic and muscular arteries mainly |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of arterioles? |
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Definition
| narrow lumen, very prominent internal elastic lamina, thick tunica media (no external elastic lamina) |
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Term
| Arterioles are involved in which clinical condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| The only layer in capillaries is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues takes place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do pericytes surround? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can pericytes differentiate into? |
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Definition
| smooth muscles or fibroblasts |
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Term
| What are the three types of blood capillaries? |
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Definition
| continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal capillaries (blood sinusoids) |
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Term
| Where are fenestrated capillaries are located? |
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Definition
| endocrine glands, GI mucosa, and kidney glomeruli |
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Term
| Where are sinusoidal capillaries found? |
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Definition
| liver, bone marrow, spleen |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of sinusoids? |
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Definition
| wide capillaries, tortuous path, wide spaces, fenestrated cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is an arteriovenous anastomosis? |
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Definition
| direct communication between arterioles and venules, bypassing capillaries |
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Term
| Where are A-V shunts located? |
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Definition
| fingers and toes, nose, lips and ears and digestive system and thyroid gland |
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Term
| What are the defining characteristics of large veins? |
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Definition
| tunica adventitia contains smooth muscle and vasa vasorum |
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Term
| What are venous valves formed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are cardiac valves derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of conducting system of the heart? |
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Definition
| S-A node (pace maker), A-V node, A-V bundle of His, Right and left bundle branches, purkinje muscle fibers |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Purkinje muscle fibers? |
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Definition
| located in subendocardial, conducts 4-5x faster, larger than cardiac muscle, paler in color than cardiac muscle |
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