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Histology
Muscle
30
Histology
Professional
10/26/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the three types of muscles in the body?
Definition
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Term
What is the connective tissue of a skeletal muscle and its functions?
Definition
Dense irregular CT and Losse CT; For support vascularization, innervation, and lymph
Term
What does contraction of skeletal muscle lead to?
Definition
Shortening of the muscle fibers
Term
How is the nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers?
Definition
flat, multiple, and peripherally located
Term
What is the sarcolemma?
Definition
cell membrane of skeletal muscle
Term
What is the pigment of skeletal muscle?
Definition
myoglobin
Term
What is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle and its function?
Definition
myofibrils (sacromere)
Term
What are the thin filaments of a sacromere?
Definition
Actin
Term
What is the straight fiber that wraps around the actin filament?
Definition
tropomyosin
Term
Where do you find the Z line?
Definition
Middle of I band; marks the start of a sarcromere
Term
What is does troponin contain?
Definition
TnC (calcium), TnT (attaches to topomyosin), TnI (inhibits myosin/actin union)
Term
What kind of fibers are found in the I band?
Definition
actin
Term
What kind of fibers are found in the A band?
Definition
actin and myosin
Term
What is myofilaments are found in the H band?
Definition
Myosin
Term
What are the changes that occur in the sarcomere during muscular contraction?
Definition
sacromere shortens, I bands shorten, H zone disappears
Term
Does muscular contraction require ATP?
Definition
Yes, although ATP releases the myosin binding head it is needed to continue to pull the actin filaments closer together
Term
Does muscular contraction require calcium?
Definition
Yes it exposes the actin filament for myosin head attachment
Term
What is the motor nerve ending called?
Definition
Motor end plate or neuromuscular junction
Term
What is the chemical transmitter released at the motor end plate (neuromuscular junction)?
Definition
acetyl choline
Term
What are the juntional folds of muscle?
Definition
Area of the sacrolemma that are folded at the motor end plate
Term
What is the function of the muscle spindle?
Definition
Proprioception; sensitive to changes in a position of the muscle
Term
What are the two types of intrafusal muscle fibers?
Definition
nuclear bag and nuclear chain
Term
What are the two types of sensory nerve fibers of a muscle spindle?
Definition
annulospiral (primary) and flower spray (secondary)
Term
How regeneration of skeletal muscle takes place?
Definition
satellite cells; diffferentiate into myoblasts as long as the basal lamina is intact
Term
What are the similarities of cardiac and smooth muscle?
Definition
innervated by autonomic nervous system; gap junctions; single central nuclei
Term
Where are smooth muscles located?
Definition
Walls of hollow organs; arrector pili muscles; capsules and trabeculae of spleen and prostate bland
Term
What are the types of myofilaments found in smooth muscle?
Definition
actin, myosin, and intermediate
Term
Can smooth muscle regenerate, and if they can how so?
Definition
mitosis (hyperplasia), and pericytes (make myoblasts); hypertrophy
Term
Can cardiac muscle regenerate, and if so how?
Definition
No
Term
What are intercalated discs composed of?
Definition
gap junctions, adherent junctions, and desmososmes
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