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| An assemblage of cellular and fibrous elements, in which one particular type of cell predominates, organized to form the material basis of one of the functional systems of the body. |
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| The man who came up with the formal definition of a tissue |
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| i. The study of anatomy at the tissue level of organization |
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| a. Sheetlike tissues that cover free surfaces or line ducts, sacs, or tubes, and are attached to a basement membrane. |
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| the deepest component of the membrane that connects the epithelium to underlying tissue |
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| the surface that interacts with the space the epithelium is interacting with |
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| 4 Types of Stratification |
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| Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified, and Transitional |
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| One layer of cells attached to the basement membrane |
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| More than one layer of cells |
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| All the cells attach to the basement membrane but only some reach the free surface |
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| Transitional Stratification |
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| specialized form lining the urinary bladder and capable of great distention |
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| Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar |
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| the cells are flat (wider than they are tall) |
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| cells column-like (taller than wide) |
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| 5 Types of Cell Specialization |
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| Glandular, Ciliated, Sensory, Cornified, Absorptive |
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| A cell specialization that secretes products |
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| A cell specialization that has cilia |
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| A cell specialization that senses stimuli |
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| A cell specialization that is impregnated with keratin |
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| A cell specialization that increases surface area for absorption |
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| Unicellular gland typical of glandular epithelia |
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| Organs that secret products and are derived from epithelia |
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| secrete products directly into the bloodstream (e.g., thyroid, adrenal); ductless. Not connected to the epithelium |
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| secrete products through a duct onto a free surface (e.g. liver, pancreas). connected to the epithelium. |
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| A gland that secretes products and made up of more than one cell |
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| Simple (unbranched) and Compound (branched) |
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| Type of exocrine gland that is wide |
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| Type of gland that is taller than wide |
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| Merocrine, Apocrine, and Holocrine |
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| Have cells that secrete products by exocytosis |
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| The entire cell is sloughed off, and then it breaks, releasing product |
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| Where the tip of the cell breaks off, releasing product |
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| Vesicles containing product fuse with the plasma membrane to release product |
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| Primarily an embryonic tissue that differentiates early in development and gives rise to various mature tissues. It is irregular, star-shaped cells with large intercellular spaces |
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| The 5 cellular components of adult connective tissues |
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| Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Mast cells, Fat cells, and Plasma Cells |
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They make fibers; collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers. Also secretes ground substance.
Secrete ground substance |
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| 1) Phagocytic cells that engulf cells by phagocytosis. Aka immune cells. |
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| Immune system cells that produce histamine, that has an effect on the walls of cells that lets them leak plasma. |
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| Cells filled with lipids inside a huge vacuole |
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| They are leukocytes, aka white blood cells |
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| All produced by the Fibroblasts. They are reticular fibers, collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and ground substance |
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| The two types of connective tissue |
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| Loose connective tissue and Dense connective tissue |
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| Fibers containing collagen, a protein with a high resistance to stretching. |
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| Fibers that are very thin that is in loose connective tissue |
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| Made of elastin that are capable of stretching and rebounding to original conformation |
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| Fluid diffusion medium of connective tissues |
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| Characterized by loose networks of collagenous and some elastic and reticular fibers. Also has quite a bit of ground substance. |
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| Made up of almost exclusively fibers, (ligaments, tendons, joints). It has very few cells and in some instances no cells and very little ground substance |
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| Dense connective tissues that link muscles to bone |
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| Connect two skeletal components |
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| Bone, cartilage, and notochordal tissues. Have extensive semisolid intercellular matrix |
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| Smooth, Skeletal, and Cardiac |
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| Slow-acting, and under involuntary control; lining of the gut, ducts, vessels etc. Fibers contract slowly and retract slowly |
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| Fast-acting conscious and reflex control; associated with skeleton, locomotion, etc. Consist of twitch fibers, that act fast and relax fast |
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| Fast-acting, involuntary; heart only, Makes up the myocardium and you can not control the contraction |
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| Consist of neurons and accessory elements (e.g. neuroglia) |
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| Blood and related tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Epithelial Tissue, Supporting Tissues |
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