Term
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Definition
| late endosomes also known as prelysosomes |
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Term
| This model describes early and late endosomes as stable cellular organelles connected by vesicular transport with external environment of the cell and with the Golgi app. Coated vesicles formed at the plasma membrane fuse only with early endosomes because of their expression of specific surface receptors. The receptor remains part of the early endosomal membrane |
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Definition
| stable compartment model of endosomes |
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Term
| early endosomes are formed de novo from endocytotic vesicles originating from the plasma membrane. The composition of the membrane changes as some components are recycled between the cell surface and Golgi. This maturation leads to formation of late endosomes then lysosomes. |
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Definition
| maturation model of endosomes |
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Term
| What receptor fro proteins directs hydrolases to lysosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can early endosomes be found? |
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Definition
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Term
| where can late endosomes be found? |
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Definition
| near the golgi and nucleus |
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Term
| What is the pH of early endosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pH of late endosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are highly selective transporters that takes proteins in early endosomes and packs and sorts them so they go into late lysosomes? |
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Definition
| MVBs (multivesicular bodies) |
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Term
| The function of this is to sort and recycle proteins internalized by endocytotic pathways? |
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Definition
| early endosomes, also known as compartments of uncoupling receptors and ligands (CURLs) |
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Term
| What are the fours fates if receptor-ligand processes? |
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Definition
1) the receptor is recycled and the ligand is degraded (used for LDL and GLUT receptor complexes and peptide hormones)
2) both receptor and ligand are recycled (MHC I & II molecules are both recycled)
3) both receptor and ligand are degraded (way EGF (epidermal growth factor) is degraded)
4) both receptor and ligand are transported through the cell (used for IgA) |
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Term
| removal of cytoplasmic components, particularly membrane bound organelles by digesting them with lysosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| organelles rich in hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, and phospholipases |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up to 50% of the lysosomes membrane that prevents itself from being digested by its own enzymes? |
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Definition
| lysosome-associated membrane proteins (lamps), lysosomal membrane glycoproteins (lgps), lysosomal integral membrane proteins (limps) |
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Term
| Low luminal pH in lysosomes is maintained by |
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Definition
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Term
| limps (lysosomal membrane proteins) exit the golgi in coated vesicles and they are delivered to the cell surface. they are then endocytosed and finally via early and late endosomes reach the lysosomes |
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Definition
| constitutive secretory pathway |
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Term
| limps after sorting and packaging exit the Golgi in clathrin-coated vesicles, they travel and fuse with late endosomes as a result of interactions between endosome-specific v-SNARE and t-SNARE docing proteins |
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Definition
| Golgi-derived coated vesicle secretory pathway |
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Term
| What are some examples of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) that are Disorders of Sphingolipid Degradation? |
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Definition
| Gaucher, Tay-Sachs, Sandhoff, and Krabbe diseases and Niemann-Pick disease A,B |
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Term
| What are some examples of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) that are Disorders of Glycoprotein Degradation? |
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Definition
| Aspartylglycosaminuria and alpha-Mannosidosis |
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Term
| What are some examples of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) that are Disorders of Glycosaminoglycan Degradation? |
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Definition
| Hurler Syndrome (MPS I), Hunter Syndrome (MPS II), and Maroteaux-Lamy synrome (MPS IV) |
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Term
| What are some examples of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) that are Disorders of Single Enzyme Deficiency? |
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Definition
| Pompe, Wolman and Canavan disease |
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Term
| What are some examples of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) that are Disorders of Lysosomal Biogenesis? |
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Definition
| inclusion (I-cell) disease and mucolipidosis II |
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Term
| What are some examples of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) that are Disorders of Lysosomal membrane? |
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Definition
| Danon disease and Cystinosis |
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Term
| Non-specific process in which a portion of the cytoplasm or an entire organelle is surrounded by a double or multilamellar intracellular membrane of the ER, called isolation membrane, to form a vacule called a autophagosome. . Later lysosomal proteins target this vesicle |
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Definition
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Term
| non-specific process which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded in a slow, continuous process under normal physiologic conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| epithelial lining of the blood and lymph vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| epithelial lining of ventricles and atria of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| epithelium that lines the walls and covers the contents of closed cavities of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the diverse functions of the epithelium? |
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Definition
1) secretion
2) absorption
3) transportation
4) protection
5) receptor function |
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Term
| This domain of epithelium is always directed toward the exterior surface or lumen. |
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Definition
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Term
| This domain communicates with adjacent cells and is characterized by special attachment areas. |
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Definition
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Term
| This domain rests on the basal lamina anchoring the cell to the connective tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is an adaptive response to stress, chronic inflammation, or abnormal stimuli that causes a reversible conversion of one mature epithelial cell to another mature epithelial type. IF this remains for too long it can transform into a carcinoma. So treat by removing stressor. |
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Definition
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Term
| cytoplasmic processes containing a core of actin filaments |
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Definition
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Term
| microvilli of an unusual length |
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Definition
| stereocilia or stereovilli |
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Term
| cytoplasmic processes containing bundle of microtubules |
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Definition
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Term
| The core of a microvilli contains 30 or 30 of these attached to this. |
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Definition
| 20 or 30 actin filaments anchored to a villin located at the tip of the microvillus |
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Term
| This protein participates in maintaining the barrier between adjacent cells as well as the barrier between apical and lateral domains. |
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Definition
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Term
| This protein forms backbone of zonula occludens strands; forms and regulates aqueous channels used for paracellular diffusion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein in endothelial cells; mediates interactions between endothelial cells and monocyte adhesions. |
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Definition
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Term
| This protein is an important link in transduction of signals from all transmembrane proteins; interacts with actin filaments; has tumor-supressor actin. |
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Definition
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Term
| This protein is required in the epidermal growth factor-receptor signaling mechanism. |
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Definition
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Term
| This protein acts with ZO-1, occludin, and actin filaments of cell cytoskeleton. |
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Definition
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Term
| This provides lateral adhesion between epithelial cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| This complex of zonula adherens functions as a master molecule in regulating cell adhesion, polarity, differentiation, migration, proliferation, and survival of epithelial cells. |
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Definition
| E-cadherin-catenin complex |
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Term
| This provides a localized spotlike junction between epithelial cells. |
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Definition
| macula adherens (desmosomes) |
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Term
| This junction seals adjacent cells together, controls passage of molecules between them (permeability), defines apical domain of plasma membrane, and involved in cell signaling. |
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Definition
| Zonula occludens (tight junctions) |
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Term
| This junction couples the actin-cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane at regions of cell adhesion. |
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Definition
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Term
| This junction couples the intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane at regions of cell-cell adhesion. |
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Definition
| macula adherens (desmosomes) |
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Term
| This junction creates a conduct between to adjacent cells for passage of small ions and informational micro-molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
| These glands secrete their products onto a surface directly or through epithelial ducts or tubes that are connected to a surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| These glands lack a duct system. They secrete their products (hormones) into connective tissue, from which they enter the bloodstream to reach their target. |
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Definition
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Term
| These basal junctions anchor the actin-cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and detects and transduces signals from outside the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| These basal junctions anchor the intermediate filaments to the extracellular matrix. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tell me the order of events for getting lysosomal enzymes to endosomes... |
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Definition
1)Lysosomal enzymes become segregated from other nascent proteins in the trans Golgi network
2) where they bind to M6P receptors in clathrin-coated regions
3)Clathrin-coated vesicles bud from the TransGolgi Network (TGN)
4) fuse with late endosomes
5)Acidification of the endosome lumen by proton pumps
6) causes the lysosomal enzymes to dissociate from the M6P receptors
7) which are then recycled to the Golgi
8) To ensure that lysosomal enzymes cannot return to the Golgi, the phosphate groups are removed from mannose. |
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