Term
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Definition
• Sweat glands
• Oil glands
• Hairs
• Nails |
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Term
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Definition
o Protects deeper tissues
o Aids in heat regulation
o Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
o Synthesizes vitamin D |
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Term
| Types of damage that can be done to skin |
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Definition
• Mechanical damage
• Chemical damage
• Bacterial damage
• Thermal damage
• Ultraviolet radiation
• Desiccation (drying out) |
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Term
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Definition
Layer of keratin and inert material covering the outer surface
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• keratinized (strengthened by keratin) |
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Term
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Definition
• Dense connective tissue
Thin skin
this on palms of the hands and sole of the feet (more exposure to wear and tear) |
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Term
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Definition
Deep to dermis
• Anchors skin to underlying organs
• Composed mostly of adipose |
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Term
| Main component of hypodermis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Epidermis and Dermis (not hypo) |
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Term
| Name layers of the epidermis |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum |
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Term
| Stratum Basale (known as germinative) |
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Definition
Deepest part of the epidermis
region of cell division (constantly undergoing mitosis)
a single layer of cuboidal-to-columnar cells along the basement membrane...separating epithelium from connective tissue
hemidesmosomes on bottom layer
also contains melanocytes, keratinocytes, and Merkel cells |
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Term
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Definition
contains mostly keratinocytes (polyhedryl prickle cells with intercellular desmosomes that give it characteristic shape)
cytomorphogenesis occurs here as keratinocyte shape changes
mitotic activity also present here |
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Term
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Definition
cells appear flattened
cells contain keratohyaline granules in cytoplasm
stains very well with hematoxylin |
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Term
| Which layer of the epidermis os only seen in thick skin, and not thin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Occurs only in thick skin
• thin translucent layer
homogenous appearance to it….cells starting to die
• cells contain eleidin
protein that refracts light, giving it a clear appearance |
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Term
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Definition
protein that refracts light, giving it a clear appearance
seen in Stratum Lucidum |
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Term
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Definition
• Surface
• Shingle-like dead cells
• Squamous (flattened cells) packed with keratin
• Superficial cells are desquamated
• Apoptosis and end life span |
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Term
| What type of connective tissue composes the dermis? |
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Definition
irregular dense connective tissue
called the Reticular layer |
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Term
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Definition
known as papillary area of the dermis
the thicker the skin, the longer the pegs will be |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes, keratinocytes, merkel cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which layer of the epidermis are langerhan cells most prominent? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Papillary and Reticular layers |
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Term
| Papillary Layer of the dermis |
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Definition
Projections called dermal papillae/ dermal ridges
Pain receptors
Meissner’s corpuscles
Capillary loops |
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Term
| Reticular layer of the dermis |
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Definition
Blood vessels as we move close to the epidermis
Vascular plexus
• A structure in the form of a network, especially of nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatics
Secretory Glands
Collagen is thicker (coarse bundles)….more extensive level of blood vessels
Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. |
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Term
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Definition
(visible deep in the reticular layer)
• thermoreceptors in the body. These end bulbs can be found all over the human body. They help the body detect cold temperatures. |
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Term
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Definition
• An encapsulated receptor found in deep layers of the skin that senses vibratory pressure and touch
located deep in the skin...hypodermis |
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Term
| Are merkel cell endings encapsulated? |
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Definition
No, they are in the skin proper and come through to the surface
These cells also contain catecholamines |
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Term
|
Definition
| encapsulated nerve endings in the subcutaneous tissue |
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Term
| What surrounds the hair root? |
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Definition
| Dermal and Epidermal sheath |
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Term
|
Definition
produced by melanocytes
it's mobile, moving by extending pseudopodia from their cytoplasm to the keratinocytes, which carry melanin to the surface
amount of melanin produced depends on genetics and exposure to sunlight
found mostly in stratum basale |
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Term
| Normal skin color determinants include |
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Definition
| Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sebaceous Glands, Arrector Pilli, Sweat Glands |
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Term
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Definition
• branched alveolar holocrine (bursting) glands
as they mature, they move to release points…as cells die…they, plus the sebum (oil) get released to the surface
• basal cells are regenerative located at the periphery of each saccule (small sac
• Found along the hair shaft, as sebum is released, it follows to the surface of the skin |
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Term
| How to sebaceous gland exhibit cytomorphogenesis? |
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Definition
basal cells at the periphery of each suckle are regenerative
as the glands, move to release point, the cells die
so, the cells + the sebum is released to the surface |
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Term
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Definition
Bundles of smooth muscle
extend from follicle to the papillary layer of dermis
cradle the sebaceous gland
contraction, leads to goosebumps (elevated hair, prevents release of heat, and assistance of delivery of sebum to surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Eccrine (Merocrine) and Apocrine |
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Term
| Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands |
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Definition
simple coiled tubular glands
• 2. secretory portion consists of simple cuboidal epithelium
• 3. myoepithelial cells surround the secretory portion...helps to squeeze sweat out of acinar cells
ducts are stratified cuboidal epithelium (2 layers)
• 5. ducts cells are darker and smaller than the secretory cells
• 6. ducts pierce through epidermal ridges to release sweat to the outside (sweat pores) |
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Term
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Definition
• Ducts empty into hair follicles
• Glands are activated at puberty |
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Term
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Definition
• Mostly water
o Some metabolic waste (i.e. urea)
o Fatty acids and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
o Helps dissipate excess heat
o Excretes waste products
o Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth
• Odor is from associated bacteria |
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