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Histology - Liver
Complete
44
Medical
Graduate
09/25/2008

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Cards

Term
What are the general products of the liver?
Definition
Proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, and urea
Term
What types of proteins does the liver produce?
Definition
Albumin, alpha and beta globulins, transferrin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors 7, 9, and 10
Term
What types of lipids and lipoproteins does the liver produce?
Definition
Cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, fatty acids
Term
What substances does the liver store?
Definition
Glucose - Glycogen, Lipids - Fat Droplets, and Vitamins
Term
What are 4 examples of substances that are modified or removed by the liver?
Definition
1) Bilirubin 2) Toxins 3) Hormones 4) Drugs
Term
What is bile?
Definition
It is a detergent that aids in lipid digestion and absorption
Term
How many lobes does the liver have?
Definition
4
Term
What is Glisson's Capsule?
Definition
It is a thin capsule that surrounds the liver and is made up of collage and fibroblasts. It is surrounded by mesothelium
Term
What is the exocrine product of the liver?
Definition
Bile
Term
What 3 structures make up the portal triad?
Definition
1) Hepatic arteriole 2) Portal venule 3) Bile duct
Term
What are sinosoids?
Definition
Highly permeable capillaries with fenestrated epithelium into which blood flows from portal venules and hepatic arterioles.
Term
Where does blood flow from a sinosoid?
Definition
Terminal hepatic venul
Term
What is the Space of Disse?
Definition
The gap between the sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocytes.
Term
Which liver cells synthesize bile?
Definition
hepatocytes
Term
In which zone are the hepatocytes closest to the triad and recieve the richest oxygenated blood?
Definition
Zone 1
Term
In which zone are the hepatocytes active in glycogen synthesis?
Definition
Zone 1
Term
In which zone do the hepatocytes have the largest mitochondria?
Definition
Zone 1
Term
In which zone do the hepatocytes have the most abundant lysosomes and are the most active in pinocytosis?
Definition
Zone 1
Term
In which zone are the hepatocytes most active in protein synthesis and plasma protein secretions?
Definition
Zone 1
Term
Which zone is considered the intermediate zone?
Definition
Zone 2
Term
In which zone do the hepatocytes receive the most deoxygenated blood?
Definition
Zone 3
Term
In which zone are the hepatocytes rich in SER drug oxidation capacity?
Definition
Zone 3
Term
In which zone do the hepatocytes have the thinnest, least active mitochondria?
Definition
Zone 3
Term
In which zone would fat be deposited most abundantly?
Definition
Zone 3
Term
What is the percentage of hepatocytes in the liver?
Definition
80%
Term
What is the name for the beginning of bile ducts?
Definition
bile canaliculi
Term
What do the hepatocytes secrete into the bile canaliculi?
Definition
water, bile salts, conjugated bilirubin, modified drugs, toxins, and metabolites
Term
Which type of endothelial cells form a porous vascular wall?
Definition
Sinusoidal lining cells
Term
What are Kupffer cells?
Definition
mononuclear phagocytic macrophages that contain collagenase and may regulate the amount of extracellular reticulum present in the liver.
Term
What are other names for lipocytes?
Definition
Fat cells, Cells of Ito, Vitamin A Cells
Term
What are lipocytes?
Definition
cells that contain fat droplets. May be involved in fat synthesis and storage, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins. may transform into fibroblasts and synthesize collagen after liver damage
Term
What is the function of bile salt?
Definition
To emulsify fat for hydrolysis and absorption
Term
From which vein does bile salt get reabsorbed into the liver?
Definition
The portal vein
Term
What type of epithelium lines hepatic and cystic ducts?
Definition
tall columnar epithelium
Term
What substance causes bile ducts to secrete bicarbonate into bile and relaxes the sphicter?
Definition
Secretin
Term
What type of epithelium lines the gall bladder?
Definition
simple columnar
Term
How is bile in the gall bladder concentrated?
Definition
A sodium pump actively reasorbs sodium from bile and chloried and water follow passively.
Term
What substances induces contraction of the gall bladder?
Definition
CCK
Term
What two substances may precipitate to form gall stones?
Definition
Cholesterol or bile
Term
In which gender are gall stones more frequent?
Definition
Females
Term
What is fibrosis?
Definition
Excessive collagen deposition which may involve circulatory disruption and reduced function.
Term
What is cirrhosis?
Definition
Extensive fibrosis and disorganized cell regeneration that leads to severe dysfunction.
Term
What is cholestasis?
Definition
Blockage of bile ducts or reduced synthesis resulting in reduced bile flow to the duodenum.
Term
What is jaundice?
Definition
Any disorder that results in enough bile leakage into the blood stream to color the integument with bile pigments
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