Term
| Follicles and interstitial connective tissue make up what part of the ovary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the dense collagenous connective tissue that surrounds the ovary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the specialized endocrine sac where oocytes mature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the primordial follicle. |
|
Definition
| oocyte in basal lamina surrounded by granulosa cells, the oocyte is in its first mietotic div. |
|
|
Term
| What changes occur that convert a primordial follicle into a primary oocyte? |
|
Definition
| The oocyte and its nucleus enlarges, flattend granulosa cells become cuboidal and proliferate to become stratified, the zona pallucida is formed by the oocyte and the granulosa cells, the interstitial cells surrounding the granulosa become the theca folliculi |
|
|
Term
| Describe the two layes of the theca folliculi. |
|
Definition
| The inner layer secretes androgen which is converted to estrogen by the granulosa cells, and the outer layer, the theca externa, is made up of connective tissue and smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| Describe secondary follicles. |
|
Definition
| a fluid filled space appears (the antrum), granulosa cells secret liquor folliculi, granulosa cells proliferate to form the cumulus oophorus, theca cells proliferate |
|
|
Term
| What does liquor folliculi contain? |
|
Definition
| glycosaminoglycans, steroid binding proteins and steroids |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the mature follicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the mature follicle |
|
Definition
| The follicle is large and bulges from the cortex, the cumulus oophorus shrinks, the corona radiata surrounds the the ovum |
|
|
Term
| About how many days are required for a primordial cell to mature into a graffian follicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the ovum enter the oviduct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the ovum complete its first meiotic division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what stage of the second meiotic division does the ovum arrest in prior to fertilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what stage of follicular development can atresia occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells remove the debri left over after atresia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells form a scar where the follicle underwent atresia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two factors allow for the continued growth of the follicle? |
|
Definition
| Follicular Stimulating hormone and estrogen |
|
|
Term
| Which hormone stimulates theca interna cells to produce androgens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells convert LH to estrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does estrogen affect granulosa cells and the follicle |
|
Definition
| It stimulates granulosa cells to proliferate and the follicle to continue developing |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the temporary endocrine gland created by the follicles after ovulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do granulosa lutein cells produce? |
|
Definition
| progesterone and estrogen |
|
|
Term
| In the absense of fertilization, what does the corpus luteum become? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs? |
|
Definition
| trophoblastic cells from the implanted embryo produce human chorionic gonadotropin which promote the growth of the corpus luteum and allow it to produce increased amounts of progesterone |
|
|
Term
| Describe the medulla of the ovary. |
|
Definition
| it contains blood vessels and connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the four layers of the oviduct? |
|
Definition
| 1) infundibulum 2) ampulla 3) isthmus 4) intramural |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of cells in the mucosa? |
|
Definition
| ciliated and secretory (peg) cells |
|
|
Term
| What do the secretion of peg cells promote? |
|
Definition
| capacitation (activation) of spermatozoa, and nourishment of the ovum |
|
|
Term
| How is the infundibulum brought closer to the ovary during ovulation? |
|
Definition
| muscles contract and large blood vessels in the fimbrea engorge like erectile tissue |
|
|
Term
| Name the four parts of the uterus |
|
Definition
| the fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix |
|
|
Term
| Where does implantation usually occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mucosa called in the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the muscularis called in the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the serosa called in the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two layers of the endometrium? |
|
Definition
| lamina functionalis and lamina basalis |
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the simple tubular glands of the endometrium secrete? |
|
Definition
| a complex mixture of glycoproteins that serve to nourish the embryo prior to implantation |
|
|
Term
| What are the two arteries from the arcuate arteries that supply the endometrium? |
|
Definition
| basal (straight) arteries and spiral (coiled) arteries |
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the endometrium is supplied by the basal arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the endometrium is supplied by the spiral arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do spiral arteries become if implantation occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle? |
|
Definition
| proliferative, secretory (luteal), menstrual |
|
|
Term
| Describe the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. |
|
Definition
| At the beginning of the phase, only the lamina basalis remains, glands and surface epithelium regenerate |
|
|
Term
| Describe the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. |
|
Definition
| progesterone from the corpus luteum triggers uterine glands begin secretion |
|
|
Term
| Describe the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. |
|
Definition
| The decrease in progesteron and estrogen cause the spiral arteries to contrict and the lamina functionalis becomes ischemic and necrotic. |
|
|
Term
| What is the squamocolumnar junction? |
|
Definition
| Where the two types of epithelium of the ectocervix and the endocervix meet. |
|
|
Term
| Before puberty, what type of epithelium is the ectocervix? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous non keratinzed epi. |
|
|
Term
| Before puberty, what type of epithelium is the endocervix? |
|
Definition
| tall columnar mucous secreting |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the epithelium of the endocervix after puberty? |
|
Definition
| it becomes stratified squamous epi. In a region called the transformation zone |
|
|
Term
| What is a nabothian cyst? |
|
Definition
| When a duct of the glands of the cervix become blocked |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the secretions of the cervix before and after pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| They are watery at first, then they are viscous mucous to prevent microorganismns from entering |
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of the cervix? |
|
Definition
| 85% dense connective tissue and little smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| What does the vagina synthesize under estrogen stimulation? |
|
Definition
| glycogen, which is deposited in the lumen of the vagina |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the glycogen in the vagina? |
|
Definition
| bacteria metabolize it and produce lactic acid which lowers the pH |
|
|
Term
| Do men have mammary glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helps the mammary glands to undergo rapid growth at puberty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes full differentation of the mammary glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the mammary glands after menopause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe a resting mammary gland. |
|
Definition
| the tubuloalveolar glands is composed of ducts which form lactiferous ducts which empty into a lactiferous sinus prior to exiting the nipple |
|
|
Term
| Describe an active mammary gland. |
|
Definition
| pregnacy hormones stimulate the elogation of the ducts and the growth of the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| What occurs when milk is triggered by suckling? |
|
Definition
| oxytocin is released from the neurohypophysis which cause the release of milk |
|
|
