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Histology Exam II
14 Injury
47
Other
Graduate
10/10/2009

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Causes of Injury
Definition

chemical agents

physical forces

microbes

Term
principles of inflammation
Definition
  • only occurs in living tissues
  • only occurs in multicellular organisms
  • series of dynamic, coordinated events
  • normally:  protective, beneficial role
Term
cardinal signs of inflammation
Definition

calor

rubor

tumor

dolor

functio laesa

Term
calor
Definition
heat
Term
rubor
Definition
redness
Term
tumor
Definition
swelling
Term
dolor
Definition
pain
Term
functio laesa
Definition
loss of function
Term
primary strucutres/tissues involved in inflammation
Definition

connective tissue

blood/lymph vessels

WBC's

Term
features of inflammation
Definition

hyperemia

exudation

emigration

Term
hyperemia
Definition
increased blood flow to area
Term
exudation
Definition

fluid leaks from blood vessels to tissues

can create swelling and pain

Term
emigration
Definition

movement of WBC to tissues

"diapedisis"

Term

INFLAMMATORY CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

released from

Definition

injured tissues

mast cells

macrophages

neutrophils

Term

INFLAMMATORY CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

molecules

Definition

histamine

prostaglandins

leukotrienes

Term

INFLAMMATORY CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

cause

Definition

vasolialation (hyperemia)

increase vascualr permeability (exudation)
emigration of WBC to area via chemotaxis

Term
Lewis' Triplee Response
Definition
vascular changes in response to closed injury
Term

LEWIS TRIPLE RESPONSE

intial response

Definition

vasocontriction

white line

Term

LEWIS TRIPLE RESPONSE

Response 1

Definition

flush

capillary diation

dull red line

Term

LEWIS TRIPLE RESPONSE

Response 2

Definition

flare

arteriolar dilation

bright red, irregular zone surr

Term

LEWIS TRIPLE RESPONSE

Response 3

Definition

weal

increase vessel permeability

raised area surr. stroke = edema

overlaps w/ exudation

Term

SPHINCTERS

type of innervation

Definition
ANS
Term

HYPEREMIA

direct response to injury

Definition

1st:  increased blood to capillaries

2nd:  increased blood to arterioles

Term

EXUDATION

short-term response

Definition

cells:  release of chemical mediators

mast cells

histamine

increase vessel leakiness

Term

EXUDATION

long term response

Definition

increase vessel permeability

pain

Term

EXUDATION

affects of protein-rich fluid entry

Definition
  • edema, swelling:  tumor (dolor)
  • increase fluids:  dilutes toxins
  • increase protein: 
    • antibodies, host defense
    • fibrinogen:  clot formation, wound healing
    • lymmphatic capillaries:  take up extra fluid
Term

EMIGRATION

characteristics

Definition

mast cells:  chemoattractants for WBC

WBC move from vessel to tissue

diapedisis

Term

EMIGATION

diapedesis:  types of movement/shape

Definition
  • blood vessel:  spherical, margniation/pavementing
  • connective tissue:  amoeboid
Term
resolution of acute inflammation
Definition

removal of injury causing agent

healing:  repair

restoration of normal

Term
factors favoring resolution
Definition
  • rapid removal of causative agent
  • minimal death and damage
  • favorable local conditions
    • adequate blood & lymphatic vessels
    • adequate #'s of functioning WBC
Term
cells types determining wound healing
Definition

stem cells

quiescent cells (fibroblast)

non-dividing cells (nerves)

Term
primary cell type involved in skin wound healing
Definition

phagocytic:  neutrophils, mactrophages

nonphagocytic:  myofibroblast, angioblast, fibroblasts

Term

NEUTROPHIL

characteristics

Definition

intitial injury

bacteria

short-term

Term

MACROPHAGES

long term

chemical mediators

Definition
Term
myofibroblast
Definition
contraction approximates wound edges
Term
angioblast
Definition

pericytes

precursors of new blood vessels

Term
fibroblast
Definition

fibronectin

type III collagen

type  collagen

Term

WOUND HEALING

1st intention

Definition
sterile surgical incision
Term

1ST INTENTION

starting point

Definition

blood clot

debris

sutures

Term

1ST INTENTION

2-4 hours

Definition

acute inflammatory response

hyperemia

exudation

emigration

Term

1ST INTENTION

3-7 Days

Definition

macrophages:  cytokines, growth factors

granulation time

 

Term

1ST INTENTION

week 2

Definition

granulation tissue:  figronectin, type III collagen

macrophages:  fewer, less secretion

BV:  no longer dilated, less redness

Term

1ST INTENTION

week 3-6

Definition

granulation tissue:  fibronecting, type III collagen

scar:  replaced by type I collagen

Term

1ST INTENTION

epidermal changes

Definition
  • normal skin:  contact inhibition prevents lateral movement
  • wound: 
    • loss of contact inhibition
    • cells move laterally to cover wound surface
    • granulation tissue in dermis
Term

2ND INTENTION

characteristics

Definition

large defects

gaping wounds

myofibroblast:  active but not effective

no approximation of wound edges

granulation tissue:  exposed

delayed healing

Term
factors affecting outcome of wound healing
Definition
  • site of wound:  skin vs brain
  • mechanical factors:  wound edges
  • size of wound
  • infection
  • circulatory state
  • nutritional and metabolic status
  • age
Term
complications of wound healing
Definition
  • deficient scar formation
  • excessive granulation tissue:  proud flesh
  • excessive scar tissue formation:  keloid
  • contractures
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