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Histology Exam 1
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47
Medical
Professional
09/16/2008

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

True or False:

 

All intermediate filament proteins have a central Alpha-helical rod domain, flanked by head and tail domains? 

Definition

True

 

The head and tail domains differ amond intermediate filament types 

Term

 

 

Under the light microscope, nuclei with large amounts of euchcromatin stain relatively lightly and are termed:

 

A. vesicular

B. pyknotic

C.  peripheral

D. areolar

E. eosinophilic 

Definition

 

 

A. vesicular 

Term

 

Where is dense regular connective tissue mainly found?     

Definition

 

 tendon 

Term

 

Caldesmon is found in:

 

A. cardiac muscle

B. skeletal muscle

C. smooth muscle

D. both A and B 

E. A, B, and C 

Definition

 

 

C. smooth muscle

 

Caldesmon is analogous to troponin in skeletal muscle - blocks myosin contact with thin filaments 

Term

 

What are the 3 components of cytoskeleton? 

Definition

 

intermediate filaments, dense bodies &

attachment plaques 

Term

Type II skeletal muscle fibers differ from Type I fibers in that they:

 

A. are larger than Type I

B. fatigue rapidly

C. contain less myoglobin

D. contain fewer mitochondria

E. all of the above 

Definition

 

E. all of the above 

Term

 

Where are Ca++ ions stored in muscle cells? 

Definition

 

Sarcoplasmic reticulum 

Term

 

Which part(s) of the muscle remains unchanged in length during contraction?

 

A. I band

B. H zone

C. A band

D. distance between Z lines

E. B and D 

Definition

 

C. A band 

Term

 

Which type(s) of muscle has/have peripherally located nuclei? 

Definition

 

Skeletal muscle 

Term

Match the connective tissue envelope with its tissue

 

 

 

  perimysium                 covers entire muscle

 

  epimysium                  covers fascicles

              

  endomysium                covers individual cells
 

Definition

 

 

  perimysium----------------bundles or "fascicles"

 

  epimysium-----------------entire muscle

 

  endomysium---------------individual muscle cells

 

 

  know your greek prefixes!!

Term

 

Pascinian corpuscles, End bulbs of Krause, Tactile corpuscles of Meissner,

and Corpuscles of Ruffini are all:

 

A. winning Kentucky Derby horses

B. popular Mediterranean vacation archipellagos

C. non-encapsulated afferent nerve endings

D. encapsulated afferent nerved endings

E. none of the above 

 

Definition

 

D. encapsulated (sensory) afferent nerve endings

 

-consist of a lamellated capsule of flattened connective tissue cells, fibers, and/or ground substance 

 

-non-encapsulated (sensory) afferent nerve endings include free sensory nerve endings and Merkel's corpuscles

Term

 

True or False:

 

Schwann cells are found in nerve fibers and ganglia 

Definition

 

 

False

 

 

Schwann cells are found in nerve fibers but not ganglia

Term

Match the connective tissue envelope with its content

 

 

  epineurium                  individual nerve fibers

 

 

  endoneurium                nerve fiber fascicles

 

  

  perineurium                     nerve

Definition

 

 

  epineurium-------------surrounds nerves

 

  perineurium-----------surrounds nerve fascicles

 

  endoneurium------------individual nerve fibers

Term

 

True or False:

 

Nodes of Ranvier are larger in the CNS than in the PNS 

Definition

 

 

True

 

This allows for faster saltatory conduction 

Term

 

What are the five components of a neuron? 

Definition

 

 

perikaryon

dendrites

axon

axon hillock

initial segment 

Term

 

Where in a neuron is Nissl not found?

Definition

 

Not found in the axon

 

 

-the presence or absence of Nissl (grainy-looking) can be used to distinguish dendrites from axon 

Term

 

The only nerve cell bodies outside the CNS are called what? 

Definition

 

ganglia 

Term

 

The majority of neurons 

Definition

 

interneurons

 

 

 

-all lie within the CNS

-linked to afferent, efferent, or other interneurons 

- resemble motor neurons in structure

-function in coordination of action, "thought" 

Term

 

Proprioreceptors, Interoreceptors, and Exteroreceptors are all:

 

A. non-special sensory neurons

B. pseudounipolar

C. bipolar

D. A and B

E. A and C 

Definition

 

 

D. A and B

 

 

All non-special sensory neurons (i.e. not smell, vision, or hearing) are pseudounipolar 

Term

 

Secretory neurons are:

 

 

A. multipolar

B. unipolar

C. pseudounipolar

D. bipolar

 

Definition

 

 

A. multipolar 

Term

 

 

True or False:

 

Autonomic efferent signals are relayed by two neurons 

Definition

 

 

True

 

 

Somatic efferent signals are relayed by one neuron 

Term

 

 

True or False:

 

Mature nerve cells are replaced every 7 years 

Definition

 

 

False

 

 

Mature nerve cells are terminal. They cannot be replaced after they die. 

Term

 

What type of microfibril appears banded, with apparent dark bands caused by stain collecting in the gaps, and light bands being the molecules themselves failing to stain? 

Definition

 

A collagen microfibril, made up of tropocollagen macromolecules arranged in staggered parallel. 

Term

 

Junctional (adhesion) complexes, processes on neurons, and gap junctions are all examples of what type of surface specialization? 

Definition

 

They are all Lateral surface modifications

 

 

-tight junctions are included in this category

Term

 

stereocilia

 

A. are an apical surface specialization

B. are motile

C. consist of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

D. are found in the respiratory tract

E. All of the above 

Definition

 

A. are an apical surface specialization

 

 

Unlike cilia, stereocilia do not move. They are found in the epididymis and inner ear, and are used for absorption or sensory reception. 

Term

 

What are the 4 fundamental tissue types? 

Definition

 

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(sometimes its good to take a step back!) 

Term

 

All of the dental tissues except ______

are connective tissues.

 

A. dentin

B. enamel

C. alveolar process

D. cementum

E. blood 

Definition

 

B. enamel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(blood isn't really a dental tissue per se - but it is considered a fluid connective tissue! crazy, huh?) 

Term

 

Fibroblasts

 

A. are sometimes called "blast cells"

B. associated with integrins

C. produce collagen

D. are sometimes called "plump" by British histology professors

E. all of the above 

Definition

 

E. all of the above 

Term

 

aka embryonic connective tissue 

Definition

 

 

mesenchyme 

Term

 

 

True or False:

 

Mesenchyme can occur in adult connective tissue 

Definition

 

 

True

 

 

It can - especially adjacent to blood vessels. It behaves like stem cells in that it can give rise to many types of connective tissue (barring macrophages and mast cells) 

Term

 

 

Connective tissue macrophages 

Definition

 

histiocytes 

Term

 

Scurvy, caused by a vitamin C deficiency, affects what type of connective tissue? 

Definition

 

collagen

 

 

 

 

 

-Specifically, the hydroxylation of lysine and proline in collagen synthesis requires vitamin C.   

Term

Which of the following cell types does not produce collagen?

 

  

A. Schwann cells

B. chondroblasts

C. smooth muscle

D. endothelial cells

E. adipocytes

Definition

 

 

E. adipocytes 

Term

 

Oxytalan, Elaunin, and Amorphous are all types of:

 

 

A. wee folk from Tolkien's netherworld

B. steroids used by MLB players

C. elastic fibers

D. myofilaments

E. reticular fibers 

Definition

 

C. elastic fibers 

Term

 

Which fellow had both a jelly and a duct named after him?

 

A. Mr. Wharton

B. Mr. Stensen 

C. Herr von Ebner

D. Mr. Striated

E. Monsieur Ranvier 

 

Definition

 

 

A. Mr. Wharton

 

 

 

 

 

(this is not a factual statement) 

Term

 

 

In embyology, what does endoderm (which is epithelial) give rise to?

Definition

 

Endoderm gives rise to epithelia of the gut, respiratory system, urinary bladder, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and other epithelial glands associated with the gut.

Term

 

In embryology, what does ectoderm (an epithelial tissue) give rise to? 

Definition

 

Ectoderm forms the epithelia of the skin and its glandular derivatives, as well as oral, nasal, and anal passages.

Term

 

What does Mesoderm (mesenchymal tissue) give rise to in embryology? 

Definition

 

Mesoderm gives rise to epithelial linings of the cardiovascular system (i.e. endothelium) and to mesothelium, lining the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities and various tubules, ducts, and accessory glands of the urogenital system.


Term

 

Specialized CNS phagocytes     

Definition

 

Microglia 

Term

 

These induce endothelial cells to form the blood-brain barrier 

Definition

 

Astrocytes 

Term

 

These myelinate axons in the CNS 

Definition

 

Oligodendrocytes 

Term

 

These cells join with the pia mater to form the choroid plexus 

Definition

 

Ependymal cells 

Term

 

These glial cells surround the cell bodies in ganglia 

Definition

 

 

Satellite cells 

Term

 

Two glial cells associated with the PNS 

Definition

 

Schwann cells and Satellite cells 

Term

 

True or False:

 

All ANS neurons are pseudounipolar     

Definition

 

 

True 

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