Term
| General Organization of Air-conducting Passages |
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Definition
Mucous membrane:
Epithelium-type varies
lamina propria - fibro-elastic ct. contains bvs, glands, lymph
Submucosa
mucous membrane rests on submucosa which is attached to a semi-rigid wall of muscle, bone or cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells.
Hundreds of cilia extend from cell surface. |
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Term
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Definition
Cilia contain a central axoneme made of microtubles.
Arranged in 9 doublet circle with pair of singlet in middle.
Beat at 20 strokes per second.
Mucus moved towards pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
Pseudostratified columnar.
3 types of cells and one gland
Supporting(sustentacular) cells
Basal Cells
Olfactory(sensory) Cells
Glands of bowman |
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Term
| Supporting(sustentacular) Cells |
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Definition
Supporting(sustenacular) cells
Tall cylindrical cells. broad apex. narrow base.
Posses many microvillie. pigment granules yellow-brown |
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Term
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Definition
Single layer of small cells, between bases of supporting cells
Can differentiate into sensory cells |
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Term
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Definition
Central Nucleus - apical dendrite.
Attach to supporting cells by junctional complexes
Olfactory vesicle - bulblike extension from which cilia protrude.
6-8 Cilia non motile. sensory receptors.
Axon arises from basal side passses underyling lamina propria and enters olfactory nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Within lamina Propria(loose ct( of olfactory epithelium.
Serous glands that relase watery secretion onto surface.
acts as solvenet for odoriferous substances
Mositen surface of epithelium
Wash away remains of stimulating substance |
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Term
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Definition
below olfactory epithelium.
Cover the middle and inferior turbinate bones(conchae)
lamina propria contains venous sinuses
warm inspired air |
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Term
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Definition
| Stratified squamos epithelium or Respiratory epithelium |
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Term
| Pharyngeal Tonsil(Adenoids) |
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Definition
mass of lymphatic tissue in roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx.
In lamina propria. Resembles palatine tonsil
more diffuse and epithelum forms folds
adenoids are infected and obstruct passageway. |
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Term
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Definition
Connects pharynx and trachea.
Wall is kept from collapsing by cartilage
permits only air into lower respiratory
respiratory epithelium except vocal cords |
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Term
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Definition
Part of larynx.
folds of mucous membrane from each side.
cause lumen of larynx to be silt-like
Vocal cords are covered by stratified squamous. Contain CT, Muscle and elastic tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Connects larynx to bronchi
4 layers:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage
Adventitia |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory epithelium on thick basement membrane |
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Term
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Definition
loose areolar CT
many mixed and serous glands |
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Term
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Definition
20 C-shape hyaline cartilage rings stacked
C opening is posteriorly
Smooth muscle connects opening
contraction of muscle reduces diameter of trachea.
fibroelastic CT and glands fills spaces between cartilage rings |
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Term
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Definition
| Loose fibroelastic CT. Vessels and Nerves |
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Term
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Definition
Mucosa - respiratory epithelium. Folded due to contraction.
Submucosa: Loose CT rich in elsatic fibers. Layer of smooth muscle. Seromucous and mucous glands outside muscle.
Caritlage. Irregular shaped plates that completely surround bronchus weblike. CT with elastic fibers holds plates together. |
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Term
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Definition
Less then 1 mm in diameter.
No cartiage, no glands, little CT
Prominent layer of smooth musclP |
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Term
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Definition
| lined with ciliated columnar epithelum containing goblet cells. |
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Term
| Small(terminal) bronchioles |
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Definition
ciliated cuboidal epithelum without goblet cells.
Cilia prevent smaller bronchioles from becoming occluded by mucous.
Clara Cells |
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Term
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Definition
found in terminal bronchioles.
secretory cells with no cilia
secrete material that lines bronchiolar lumen includes glycosaminoglycans.
Detoxyfing harmful substances
Can differitiate into ciliated and non ciliated cells |
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Term
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Definition
No goblet cells.
cuboidal ciliated epithelium
some smooth muscle
few alveoli extend from wall. hence respiratory |
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Term
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Definition
thin tubes with discontinuous walls
many alveoli.
some bronchiolar characteristics:
cuboidal ep and smooth muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Atria - space between end of alveolar duct and alveolar sacs
Alveolar sacs - cluster of alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
CT - reticular and elastic fibres
Capillaries are thicker then septum and bulge into lumen.
Type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes
pulmonary macrophages
basement membrane
Alveolar pores - prevents incomplete expansion due to bronchial obstruction(atelectasis) links alveoli |
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Term
| Type I and II pneumocytes |
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Definition
Type I
Simple squamos connected by desmosomes
very think cytoplasm, only nuclei can be seen with L.M.
Type II(secretory epithelial)
Cuboidal cells between squamous cells
secretes phospholipid layer called surfactant.
Aids in elastic recoil and helps prevent collapse |
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Term
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Definition
arise from, fibroblasts and migration of monocytes from blood
Vacuolated macrophages - foamy. contain lipid droplets. removing blood lipids.
Non-vacuolated
Phagocytize inhaled particulate matter. Carried up the bornchi in mucous. eliminated by swallowing |
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Term
| Alveolar basement membrane |
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Definition
| Type 1 pneumocytes many times basement membrane is fused between capillary and alveoli. |
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