Term
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Definition
Tissue immersed in fixative that preserves tissue from being digested by enzymes in the tissue cells.
Formalin 10%
37% Formaldehyde |
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Term
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Definition
Dehydrate with 50% alcohol - 100% alcohol
Clear (ing) - xylol bc alcohol is insoluble with paraffin (tissue is now transparent)
Infiltrate - oven evap solvent, paraffin fills tissue
Embedding - dehydrate in ethanol, fill with plastic resin
Section - Microtome/ultramicrotome for 1-10, or <1 um |
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Term
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Definition
Freezing microtome
- For small or sensitive enzymes
- Does not deactivate enzymes like fixation
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hematoxylin Stains ________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
H & E
H stains what organisms blue? |
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Definition
DNA
RNA rich cytoplasm
Matrix of cartilage |
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Term
H & E
Eosin stains what organelles red or pink? |
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Definition
Collagen
Cytoplasm components |
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Term
| What stain is used to differentiate different types of collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the reaction that is used to stain DNA purple? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the Feulgen reaction?
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Definition
A means of specifically staining DNA (purple/magenta)
Deoxyribose sugars are hydrolyzed by HCL
Treat DNA with Periodic Acid and Schiff Reagant
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Term
1 Meter
________ um
_________mm
________nm |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of adding carbohydrate to protein is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Short branched chains of sugar are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When oligosaccharides are attached to specific amino acids they are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hexose sugar content in glycoproteins make most of them _____ positive and stain ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Long unbranched, anionic, chains of polysaccharides that have aminated sugars are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a macromolecule that is the core protein on which glycosaminoglycans are synthesized and when secreted make up an important part of the ECM? |
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Definition
Proteoglycans
(Mostly protein, some sugars) |
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Term
| Proteoglycans and GAG's are basophilic and stain blue why? |
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Definition
| They are anionic due to the carboxy ends of the amino acids and the sulfate groups (electrostatic interactions) |
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Term
Bright Field Microscopy
What is resolving power? |
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Definition
The smallest distance in which two objects can be viewed as two seperate entities
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Term
| What is the the current resolving power of light microscopy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three organelles that cannot be viewed in light microscopy? |
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Definition
Anything less than .2 um
Ribosomes (30 nm)
Membranes (10 nm)
Filament of Actin (6nm) |
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Term
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Definition
| Light has a longer wavelength, molecules are bright, combine fluorescent compounds to molecules that bind specifically to certain cellular components and allow identification under the microscope. |
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Term
| Phase contrast and differential interferance microscopy |
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Definition
Shows structures with different refractive indices
Gives a more 3-D feel (type of phase contrast) |
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Term
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Definition
| Laser and pinhole, no stray light so it reduces contrast for a clearer picture of specimen (better resolution) |
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Term
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Definition
| Light is rotated by repetitive structures like those seen in collagen, cellulose, microtubules, microfilaments, and other crystalline structures. |
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Term
| What does the term birefringence mean? |
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Definition
| The ability to rotate the direction of vibration of polarized light |
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Term
Transmisstion Electron Microscopy
(TEM) |
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Definition
| 3 mm - where electrons pass through the tissue is seen as bright or lucent (white) and where the light is absorbed or deflected by structures is dark or e- dense (grey/black) |
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Term
Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) |
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Definition
| Like TEM but shows only a surface view of the metal coated specimen giving a very striking 3-D view |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized newly synthesized macromolecules like DNA, RNA, protein, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides by incorporating radioactively labeled metabolites like nucleotides and amino acids. The silver bromide crystals the tissue is soaked in are reduced by the radiation and the black granules indicate the location of the macromolecules. Lots of black granules would indicate a place where lots of protein synthesis is occuring. |
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