Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Histo Exam 1
Neuro, Connective
54
Histology
Graduate
09/15/2010

Additional Histology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What do mast cell granules contain?
Definition

Histamine, Heparin,

slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis = SRS-A: vasodilator,

eosinophilic chemotactic factor = ECF-A: attracts eosinophilsContain

Term
Which immunoglobulin is present on mast cell surface?
Definition
IgE
Term
What is released into mast cell cytoplasm when antigen binds?
Definition
Calcium ion
Term

What are plasma cells derived from and what kind of cytoplasm do they have?

 

Definition
derived from b-lymphocytes, have a basophilic cytoplasm
Term

What kind of connective tissue cells have a

Pale staining juxtanuclear Golgi region?

Definition
plasma cells
Term
During inflammation, what attracts leukocytes?
Definition
Chemotactic substances
Term
What do lymphocytes produce?
Definition
antibodies and cytokines
Term
What do cytokines stimulate during inflammation
Definition
phagocytosis
Term

What phagocytoses

antigen-antibody complexes

Definition
Eosinophils
Term
Where are adipocytes located and what do they synthesize?
Definition
located throughout loose connective tissue and sythesize hormones and inflammatory mediators
Term

What hormone is related to blood pressure and possible explanation of relationship of obesity to elevated blood pressure

Definition
angiotensinogen
Term
What is the initial site where invading organisms are acted upon by the immune system
Definition
loose connective tissue
Term
How are regular dense connective tissue fibers (tendons/ligaments) arranged to provide maximum strength?
Definition
in a parallel array
Term
What is ground substance composed of
Definition
tissue fluids and proteoglycans
Term
What is hyaluronic acid composed of?
Definition
Glucoronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
Term
What is a proteoglycan aggregate composed of?
Definition
Hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan monomers
Term
What gives rise to other cells of connective tissue?
Definition
Uncommitted mesenchymal cells
Term
What are the glycosaminoglycans
Definition

Hyaluronic acid

•Chondroitin-4-sulfate

•Chondroitin-6-sulfate

•Dermatan sulfate

•Heparin sulfate

•Heparin

•Keratan sulfate

Term
Where is type 1 collagen located?
Definition
connective tissue of skin, bone, ligaments, tendons, organ capsules
Term
Where is type 2 collagen located?
Definition
cartilage, notochord, intervertebral disc
Term
where is type 3 collagen located?
Definition
connective tissue of organs, smooth muscle, endoneurium, blood vessels, and fetal skin
Term
Where is type 4 collagen located
Definition
Basal laminae of epithelia, kidney glomeruli, and lens capsule
Term
Reticular fibers are what type of collagen?
Definition
type 3
Term
what 3 things produce reticular fibers
Definition
fibroblasts, schwann cells, smooth muscle cells
Term
desmosime and isodesmosime are found in what fiber?
Definition
elastin
Term
What 2 things synthesize elastin?
Definition
fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
Term
what is responsible for marfan syndrome
Definition
a deficiency in protein fibrillin 1
Term
what do fibroblasts look like when not synthesizing
Definition

spindle-shaped cell with dark heterochromatic nuclei, exhibiting little cytoplasm extending as slender processes

Term
what do active fibroblasts look like
Definition

nuclei become larger and oval, exhibiting distinct nucleoli. The cytoplasm is more abundant with many granular representations of the expanded GER system

Term
what do neuroepithelial cells give rise to, and what does that product give rise to
Definition
Neuroepithelial cells give rise to neuroblasts which give rise to neurons
Term
How is the nervous system divided anatomically
Definition
CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (everything else)
Term
How is the nervous system divided functionally
Definition
Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary/unconscious)
Term
What is the endoplasmic reticulum called in the neuronal nuclues?
Definition
Nissl Bodies
Term
What percentage of neurons are interneurons
Definition
90 percent
Term
what is nerve tissue compsed of
Definition

Large neurons with long cell processes surrounded by much smaller glial cellsthat lack dendrites and axons

Term
what are ganglion
Definition
like neurons grouped together outside the nervous system
Term
What are the two types of synapses
Definition
chemical and electrical
Term
what is responsible for producing myelin in the CNS
Definition
oligodendrocytes
Term
what produces myelin in the PNS
Definition
schwann cells
Term
what are peripheral nerves composed of
Definition

several bundles called fascicles surrounded by connective tissue

Term
where are parasympathetic ganglia located?
Definition
near the target tissue
Term
what are the CNS glial cells
Definition
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
Term
what is the dorsal root of the spinal nerve made up of?
Definition
sensory fibers
Term
what is the ventral root of the spinal nerve made up of?
Definition
motor fibers
Term
what are neurons isolated by
Definition
structure and function
Term
What do you call a collection of nerve cells in the CNS
Definition
nucleus
Term
where do the presynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic division arise?
Definition
the thoracic spinal cord
Term
what does sympathetic innervation cause?
Definition
constriction of the smooth muscle
Term
where are the pre-synaptic parasympathetic neuronal cell bodies located?
Definition
the brain stem or the lumbar sacral region of the spinal cord
Term
what does parasympathetic innervation result in?
Definition
dilation of blood vessels and relaxation of smooth muscle of the gut
Term
where are the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla derived from?
Definition
the neural crest
Term
what layer of the meninges contains blood vessels?
Definition
the pia mater
Term
what kind of synapses are involved in immediate memory
Definition
reverberating circuits
Term
what are the two types of long term memory
Definition

declarative (retention of facts as texts or words)

procedural (retention of motor skills)

Supporting users have an ad free experience!