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Hist'n'Lit 1
History of Western Literature 1 (Chapters 4-6)
43
Music
Undergraduate 3
10/15/2012

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Term
Goliard
Definition
Wandering students and clerics who composed songs on varying topics.
Term
Jongleur
Definition
Same latin as english Juggler - played in courts (lower class than bards or minstrels) Jack of all trade type acts.
Term
Minstrel
Definition
Developed from Jongleur - they were specialized musicians
Term
Troubadour
Definition
Northern France vernacular poet-composers
Term
Trobairitz
Definition
Female troubadour
Term
Trouvére
Definition
Southern France vernacular poet-composers
Term
Minnesinger
Definition
German knightly poet-composers, minne (love) minnelieder (love-songs) mostly about duty and service that reflected loyalty
Term
Musica enchiriadis
Definition
a treatise written about organum (the basis of the first polyphony)
Term
Gothic
Definition
An architectural design of the mid 12th century
Term
Romanesque
Definition
And architectural design from 11th- early 12th century
Included rounded arches and Frescoes (painted plaster)
Term
chansonniers
Definition
surviving songs from troubadour and trouvére
many still survive
Term
alba
Definition
"dawn-song"
Term
canso
Definition
"love-song"
Term
tenso
Definition
"debate-song"
Term
Minnelieder
Definition
German Love-songs by Minnesinger
Term
Cantigas de Santa Maria
Definition
Over 400 songs in Gallican-portuguese in honor of the Virgin Mary
Spain!
Term
Estampie
Definition
Medieval Dance music in triple meter
Term
Proper of the Mass
Definition
Introit
Gradual
Alleluia
Offertory
Communion
Term
Ordinary of the Mass
Definition
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sactus
Agnus Dei
Term
Antiphon
Definition
sung before and after the psalm
Term
Psalm
Definition
music accompanying the mass service
Term
responsorial
Definition
call and response between soloist and choir/congregation
Term
direct
Definition
no alternation
Term
antiphonal
Definition
two halves of the choir alternate singing
Term
syllabic
Definition
chants in which almost every syllable is 1 note
Term
neumatic
Definition
syllables 1-6 notes
Term
melismatic
Definition
chant includes melismas (more than 6)
Term
Trope
Definition
a new addition to church chant
adding more words, melody, extending melismas, expanding from the original text, (neumatic)
Term
Liturgical drama
Definition
Plays
Term
Hildegard of Bigen
Definition
Nun famous for her prophecies.
Germany
Compositional gestures: Wide ranges, melodic figures, rising 5th followed by stepwise decent, circling around a cadential note, leaps spanning an octave or more
Term
Parallel Organum
Definition
Principal voice with a addition voice moving at a 5th below
Term
Mixed and Oblique Organum
Definition
Used to avoid tritones in the voice below the Principal
Term
Free Organum
Definition
Improvised parts - within limitations written in treatise
Term
Florid Organum
Definition
Tenor voice (5th below) keeps the principal melody while the upper voice sings note groups
Term
Discant Style
Definition
Tenor and Principal Voice moving at the same rate with 1-3 notes in the upper voice per note in the tenor.
Term
Duplum
Definition
The upper voice (like in Viderunt omnes) carrying out melismas over a tenor drone. In Organum
Term
Triplum
Definition
a 3-voice organum (on and on with more voices)
Term
Motet
Definition
Took over after Organum and conductus fell out of fashion
(Notre Dame)
Term
Clausulae
Definition
A clause; self-contain part of the Organum
Term
Perotinus
Definition
Guy who did a lot of organum (polyphony)
Term
Leoninus
Definition
Poetic paraphrases of several books of the Bible
Term
Voice exchange
Definition
voices trade phrases, emphasizing dissonances before resolving to the 5th and octave above the tenor
Term
cantus firmes
Definition
Motet tenor (preexisting melody)
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