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Hip
Hip
162
Medical
Graduate
04/11/2016

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Term
hip jt aka
Definition
coxofemoral jt
Term
what makes up the hip/coxofemoral jt?
Definition
femoral head and acetabulum
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: what type of jt is it?
Definition
synovial diarthrodial ball and socket jt
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: degrees of freedom?
Definition
3
flex/ext
IR/ER
ABD/ADD
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: purpose of this jt
Definition
supports the HAT (head, arms, trunk)
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: what is the proximal articular surface
Definition
acetabulum
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: what is the lateral aspect of teh innominate?
Definition
acetabulum
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: acetabulum is formed from what bones
Definition
3 bones
ilium, ischium, pubis
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: when are the 3 bones of the acetabulum fused by
Definition
20-25 years
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: articular surface of the acetabulum and its characteristics
Definition
lunate
surface is horshoe of artiuclar hyaline cartilage
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: structure at inferior aspect of acetabulum
Definition
acetabular notch
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: structure that articulates with the aceteabular notch
Definition
transverse acetabular ligament
Term
hip/coxofemoral jt: purpose of the labrum
Definition
deepens the jt
Term
acetabulum: only spherical component
Definition
upper margin
Term
acetabulum: orientation
Definition
lateral, inferior-anterior tilt
natural anterversion 20 degrees
Term
acetabulum: gender differences
Definition
smaller in women than men
Term
acetabulum: 4 abnormalities
Definition
dysplasia
coxa profunda-protrusio
anteversion
retroversion
Term
acetabulum: abnormalities: what is dysplasia
Definition
shallow acetabulum causes instability abnormal cartilage wear
can lead to early arthritic chnges
Term
acetabulum: abnormalities: coxa profunda-protrusion what is it
Definition
excessive coverage of femoral head
aka pincer lesion
Term
acetabulum: abnormalities: anteversion
Definition
too far anterior
Term
acetabulum: abnormalities: retroversion
Definition
too far posterior
Term
what is the angle of Wiberg
Definition
center edge angle formed by a line connecting lateral rim of acetabulum and the center of the femoral head and a vertical line from the femoral head

1 arm =lateral rim of acetabulum
fulcrum = center of femoral head
1 arm = straight line drawn upward from center of femoral head
Term
Labrum: type of cartilage
Definition
fibrocartilage
Term
Labrum: attached how
Definition
via calcified cartilage with a tidemark
Term
Labrum: purpose (5)
Definition
deepens the socket
suction seal to head for (-) pressure
decreases force transmission
proprioception
provides nutrients to jt lining
Term
Labrum: what is a tidemark
Definition
where it is lifted over the bony surface
Term
distal articular surface: what is it
Definition
femoral head
Term
distal articular surface: characteristics of the femoral head
Definition
2/3 sphere
fovea, ligamentum teres attachment
Term
distal articular surface: angulation: inclination
Definition
frontal plane femoral head through shaft of femur
Term
distal articular surface: average inclincation
Definition
125
normal 110-144
Term
distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: gender difference
Definition
smaller in females d/t wider pelvis
Term
distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: age related changes
Definition
decreases with age
Term
distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: abnormalities
Definition
coxa valga (increased angle between neck and head)
coxa varus (decreased angle between neck and head)
Term
distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: abnormalities
Definition
coxa valga (increased angle between neck and head)
coxa varus (decreased angle between neck and head)
Term
Cova valga: diminished resistance to what forces
Definition
bending/shearing
Term
Cova valga: bony structure changes
Definition
reduced density of lateral trabecular system
Term
Cova valga: MA changes
Definition
MA of abductors decreased
increased demand on mm to generate sufficient abductor torque
either the force will incrase in the jt or the mm will weaken and become dysfunctional
Term
Cova valga: predisposed to what pathology
Definition
dislocation
Term
Coxa vara: improved...
Definition
stability
Term
Coxa vara: MA changes
Definition
increased MA Of abductors
Term
Coxa vara: surgical neck impact
Definition
increased bending moment at surgical neck
Term
Coxa vara: bony material characteristics
Definition
increased density of lateral trabeculae
Term
Coxa vara: effect of increased bending moment
Definition
increased loads predispose to fx at femoral neck
Term
Coxa vara: potential adolescent pathology
Definition
increased risk of slipped capital femoral epiphysis
disruption of growth plate
must be fixated
Term
torsion angle: what is it
Definition
transverse plane femoral head through distal condyles of femur
Term
torsion angle: 2 types
Definition
anteversion
retroversion
Term
torsion angle: anteversion
Definition
torsion angle >15-20 degrees
Term
torsion angle: retroversion
Definition
torsion angle <15-20 degrees
Term
how do angulation deviations occur
Definition
singularly or bilaterally
Term
pt presents with angulation deviations, what should you do?
Definition
assess for hip function and prx/dist jt function
Term
effects of anteversion
Definition
decrease stability d/t excess load anteriorly
reduce abductor MA
increase risk of arthrosis
elicit gait deviation (toe in/genu valgum)
Term
anteversion: ROM changes
Definition
limited ER
excess IR
Term
What does femoral IR do to the knee? what is it called
Definition
orients the knee medially
medial femoral torsion
Term
medial femoral torsion is to the distal femur as what to the proximal femur?
Definition
femoral anteversion
Term
compensatory motion as a result of medial femoral torsion
Definition
compensatory ER of the tibia
Term
Hip congruence: articular surface of femur vs acetabulum
Definition
articular surface of femur is greather than the acetabulum
Term
Hip congruence: hip functions in NWB
Definition
hip functions as a incongruent jt
Term
Hip congruence: changes in the hip jt in WB
Definition
in WB elastic deformation of the acetabulum increases contact with the femoral head
Term
Hip congruence: primary contact
Definition
ant/superior and posterior
Term
Hip congruence: purpose of he acetabular fossa
Definition
important in establishing th e(-) pressure particle vacuum....surgical dislocation is difficult
Term
Capsule: characteristic
Definition
very robust
Term
Capsule: proximally attached where via what
Definition
at the acetabulum via the zona orbicularis
Term
Capsule: prevents what forces
Definition
distraction forces
Term
Capsule: ligaments associated with it
Definition
(3)
iliofemoral
pubefemoral
ischiofemoral
Term
LIgaments: main one and its function
Definition
ligamentum teres
carries blood supply and may help with stability
Term
LIgaments: pathologic contribution
Definition
may elicit pain and clicking if impinged in the jt
Term
what is avascular necrosis
Definition
disruption of blood supply to the femoral head
Term
what injury can lead to avascualr necrosis
Definition
ligametum teres disruption with other causes such a fracture
Term
Legg calves perthes
Definition
childhod collapse of femoral head d/t loss of blood supply
Term
what is the (Y) ligament
Definition
Iliofemoral
Term
strongest hip ligament
Definition
iliofemoral ligament
Term
ligament that resists medial and lateral rotation
Definition
iliofemoral
Term
ligament that makes up the posterior capsule
Definition
ischiofemoral
Term
The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral ligaments all tighten with what motion
Definition
extension
Term
Open pack position of the hip and bony congruence
Definition
extension, abduction, and IR is the most congruent
but open packed
Term
closed packed position of the hip and bony congruence
Definition
least congruence/lowest tension
flexion, abductino, neutral rotation
Term
retroverted hip ROM changes
Definition
excess ER
limited IR
Term
what happens with the ligaments and femoral head with extension
Definition
ligaments twist around the femoral head and draw the head into the acetabulum
Term
how is the trabecula in teh femoral head/neck aligned
Definition
along stress lines
Term
most wb pelvic stress passes from what structure to what structure
Definition
from the SI to the acetabulum
Term
The HAT puts what type of force on the femoral head
Definition
compressive downward force
Term
the HAT puts a downward compressive force on the femoral head, what load is put on the lateral structures of the femur
Definition
a tensile (load) resulting in bending
Term
the HAT puts a downward compressive force on the femoral head, what load is put on the inferior medial structures of the femur
Definition
structures are being compressed toward each other
Term
what are the systems of the femur that resist the compressive and tensile loads
Definition
2 major (medial and lateral)
minor trabcular systems
Term
what are the systems of the femur that resist the compressive and tensile loads
Definition
2 major (medial and lateral)
minor trabcular systems
Term
Trabecular systems: what are teh strongest areas
Definition
areas where the lines cross at right angles
Term
Trabecular systems: where is the zone of weakenss
Definition
area where none of the lines cross
Term
Trabecular systems: the zone of weakness and its susceptibility to what
Definition
bending load
fx
Term
Trabecular systems: what supports 50% of the load in the zone of weakness
Definition
cortical bone
Term
what is the primary wt bearing part of the acetabulum?
Definition
the dome
superior lunate
primary wt bearing portion of the hip is the superior aspect
Term
jt characteristics of the jt in order to get the best jt nutrition
Definition
large femoral head to have congruent alignment
Term
jt nutrition: if incongruent orientation persists, what happens
Definition
yields incomplete compressino of the dome cartilage and limited fluid exchange (loss of diffusion/imbibation)
Term
Hip kinematics: 2 jt mm that influenc emotion
Definition
HS
Rectus femoris
gracilis
TFL-ITB
Term
closed chain movement of the pelvis and femur
Definition
pelvis moves on femur
anterior tilt = hip flexion
posterior tilt = hip extension
Term
with hip hiking/pelvic drop what is the pivot point
Definition
pivot point is the hip opposite the motion
right hip hike = left hip pivot point
Term
which can only be done in bilateral stance: hip hike or hip drop
Definition

hip drop

hip hike requires unilateral stance

Term
what happens to the pelvis in lateral shift during bilateral stance
Definition
pelvis can only drop
right shift, left side drops
Term
Rotation of the pelvis occurs primarily in what
Definition
sinlge leg stance
Term
what must occur for forward pelvic rotation
Definition
single leg stance
pelvis opposite wt bearing leg moves anterior
Term
what must occur for backward pelvic rotation
Definition
single leg stance
pelvis opposite wt bearing leg moves posterior
Term
Backward rotation of the pelvis produces what type of motion at the hip (2)
Definition
relative motion
ER of supporting/WB hip
Term
forward rotation of teh pelvis produces what type of motion at the hip (2)
Definition
relative motion)
IR of supporting/WB hip
Term
the pevifemoral motion/rhythm occurs in what chain motion
Definition
open chain
Term
Puprose of the pelvifemoral/rhythm
Definition
femur, pelvis, and spine coordinate motion to create greater ROM tan working in isolation
Term
What is the motion of the pelvifemoral motion/rhythm in right sidelying
Definition
abduction of the L hip, left lateral pelvic tilt (hike), left lumbar side flexion
Term
true closed chain motion involves what
Definition
that both proximal and distal ends be fixed
Term
CKC Hip motion: femoral head fixation
Definition
femoral head is "relatively" fixed when it remains upright
Term
CKC Hip motion: which hip motion does not occur in this chain
Definition
hip flexion
Term
CKC Hip motion: hip flexion does not occur in this chain unless what
Definition
other segments in the chain provide motion to keep the head fixed
Term
Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: anterior pelvic itlt
Definition
hip flexion
lumbar extension
Term
Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: posterior pelvic tilt
Definition
hip extension
lumbar flexion
Term
Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: left lateral pelvic tilt (drop)
Definition
right hip add
right lateral flexion
Term
Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: left lateral pelvis hike
Definition
right hip abd
left lateral flexion
Term
Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: forward pelvic rotation, SLS on R
Definition
right hip IR (Relative)
left rot
Term
Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: pelvic backward rot, SLS on R
Definition
right hip ER (relative)
right rotation of L spine
Term
most important hip flexor and its characteristics (2)
Definition
Iliopsoas
2 jt mm
creates lumbar extension
Term
Hip flexors: secondary hip flexor and its characteristics (2)
Definition
rectus femoris
greatest contribution to hip flexion when knee is flexed (puts rectus femoris in optimal length)
Term
Hip flexors: 4 total hip flexors
Definition
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorious
TFL
Term
Hip flexors: Sartorious characteristics (5)
Definition
flexor
abductor
ER
small cross sectional area
not considered important
Term
Hip flexors: TFL characteristics (5)
Definition
flex
abd
IR
helps alleviate tensile femoral load
believed to assist in hip stability
Term
Hip adductors: function
Definition
believed to function in reflex to gait activities
not a true mover
Term
Hip adductors: high rate of straining d/t what? most common mm strained?
Definition
sports activities
adductor longus
Term
Hip extensors: (4)
Definition
glute max
HS
Semitendinosus
Semi membranosus
Term
Hip extensors: glut max characteristics (3)
Definition
1 jt
largest of LE mm
can also ER the hip
Term
Hip extensors: HS characteristics (2)
Definition
2 jt mm
heavily influenced by knee position
Term
Hip Abductors: similarity to the shoulder
Definition
the rotator cuff of the hip
Term
Hip Abductors: primary mm
Definition
glut med
glut min
Term
Hip Abductors: which glute mm is similar to the deltoid, in that different sections perform different activites but all serve to abduct
Definition
medius
Term
Hip Abductors: glute medius anterior portion provides what
Definition
hip flexion
Term
Hip Abductors: posterior glute med does what
Definition
provides extension
Term
Hip Abductors: if hip is in neutral, what motio does the posterior glute med provide
Definition
ER
Term
Hip Abductors: if the hip is in neutral, what motion do the mid and anterior glute med provide
Definition
internal rotation
Term
Ext Rot of Hip: (5)
Definition
obturator internus
obturator externus
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
Term
IR of the Hip: (2)
Definition
no mm only IR
piriformis is a part timer
Term
Piriformis functions
Definition
ER at 0 hip flexion
IR at 90 hip flexion
Term
Piriformis pathology
Definition
piriformis syndrome
grossly over diagnosed
Term
Snapping hip aka
Definition
coxa saltans
Term
Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if lateral, tissues implicated/pathologies (2) and tx (1)
Definition
TFL/ITB snapping over the greater trochantr
may cause trochanteric bursitis
stretching the ITB/injections
Term
Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping anterior, tissues implicated
Definition
adductor snapping across the pubic symphysis
Term
Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping posterior, tissues implicated
Definition
snaps at bottom
subluxation of the long head of the biceps femoris over the iscial tuberosity
progression of tendinosis at the attachment
Term
Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping posterior, tissues implicated
Definition
snaps at bottom
subluxation of the long head of the biceps femoris over the iscial tuberosity
progression of tendinosis at the attachment
Term
Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping is internal: tissues implicated
Definition
Iliopsoas snapping over the iliopectinal eminence
deep "thump"
tendon hangs up and snaps across the eminence and the anterior hip capsule
Term
Intra-articular lesions (2 types) and prognosis
Definition
chondral
labral
both are generally part of an impingement presentation which leads to femoralacetabular impingement
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: believed to start when and how
Definition
in childhood
abnormal bone development on the acetabulum/femoral neck-head
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: what magnifies the abnormalities with some beleivign it to be the cause
Definition
sports participation
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: acetabulum develops what type of lesion
Definition
pincer
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: diaphysis of the femoral neck develops what type of lesion
Definition
cam
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: what is a pincer lesion
Definition
overgrowth of the anterior superior acetabulum
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: pincer lesion gender differences
Definition
if pincer lesion only, more common in females
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: what is a cam lesion
Definition
thickening of the femoral neck and or the femoral head
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: what is a cam lesion
Definition
thickening of the femoral neck and or the femoral head
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: Cam lesion: with motion it impacts what aspect of the labrum
Definition
superior anterior aspect
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: which lesion may play a role in forming the other
Definition
cam may play a role in formation of a pincer d/t constant impac
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: Pincer lesion: presents with this (+) sign
Definition
crossover sign
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: Pincer lesion: what is it
Definition
the anterior acetabulum sits in front of the posterior egdge
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: most common variant
Definition
mixed variant of both pincer and cam
Term
Femoracetabular impingement: pt presentation
Definition
pt does not have issues until the labrum is torn and the chondral lip begins to delaminate which is painful
Term
Labral tears: disctinciton about the injury
Definition
not actually tears
Term
Labral tears: if labral tears are not actually tears, what are they
Definition
impact of the cam causes the chondral labral junction to fail
labrum seperates off the chondral lip
can "shred" inside the jt
Term
Arthrosis(arthritis): progressive OA degeneration of what structures
Definition
hip
femoral and/or acetabulum
Term
Arthrosis(arthritis): typical pt/population
Definition
typically older pt's
rise in FAI and understanding of its progression can lead to early onset OA
Term
Arthrosis(arthritis): rise in FAI has led to a subsequent increase in what
Definition
THR in 35-50 year old
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