Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the hip/coxofemoral jt? |
|
Definition
| femoral head and acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: what type of jt is it? |
|
Definition
| synovial diarthrodial ball and socket jt |
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: degrees of freedom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: purpose of this jt |
|
Definition
| supports the HAT (head, arms, trunk) |
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: what is the proximal articular surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: what is the lateral aspect of teh innominate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: acetabulum is formed from what bones |
|
Definition
3 bones
ilium, ischium, pubis |
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: when are the 3 bones of the acetabulum fused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: articular surface of the acetabulum and its characteristics |
|
Definition
lunate
surface is horshoe of artiuclar hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: structure at inferior aspect of acetabulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: structure that articulates with the aceteabular notch |
|
Definition
| transverse acetabular ligament |
|
|
Term
| hip/coxofemoral jt: purpose of the labrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acetabulum: only spherical component |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral, inferior-anterior tilt
natural anterversion 20 degrees |
|
|
Term
| acetabulum: gender differences |
|
Definition
| smaller in women than men |
|
|
Term
| acetabulum: 4 abnormalities |
|
Definition
dysplasia
coxa profunda-protrusio
anteversion
retroversion |
|
|
Term
| acetabulum: abnormalities: what is dysplasia |
|
Definition
shallow acetabulum causes instability abnormal cartilage wear
can lead to early arthritic chnges |
|
|
Term
| acetabulum: abnormalities: coxa profunda-protrusion what is it |
|
Definition
excessive coverage of femoral head
aka pincer lesion |
|
|
Term
| acetabulum: abnormalities: anteversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acetabulum: abnormalities: retroversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the angle of Wiberg |
|
Definition
center edge angle formed by a line connecting lateral rim of acetabulum and the center of the femoral head and a vertical line from the femoral head
1 arm =lateral rim of acetabulum
fulcrum = center of femoral head
1 arm = straight line drawn upward from center of femoral head |
|
|
Term
| Labrum: type of cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| via calcified cartilage with a tidemark |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deepens the socket
suction seal to head for (-) pressure
decreases force transmission
proprioception
provides nutrients to jt lining |
|
|
Term
| Labrum: what is a tidemark |
|
Definition
| where it is lifted over the bony surface |
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: what is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: characteristics of the femoral head |
|
Definition
2/3 sphere
fovea, ligamentum teres attachment |
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: angulation: inclination |
|
Definition
| frontal plane femoral head through shaft of femur |
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: average inclincation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: gender difference |
|
Definition
| smaller in females d/t wider pelvis |
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: age related changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: abnormalities |
|
Definition
coxa valga (increased angle between neck and head)
coxa varus (decreased angle between neck and head) |
|
|
Term
| distal articular surface: angulation: inclination: abnormalities |
|
Definition
coxa valga (increased angle between neck and head)
coxa varus (decreased angle between neck and head) |
|
|
Term
| Cova valga: diminished resistance to what forces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cova valga: bony structure changes |
|
Definition
| reduced density of lateral trabecular system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MA of abductors decreased
increased demand on mm to generate sufficient abductor torque
either the force will incrase in the jt or the mm will weaken and become dysfunctional |
|
|
Term
| Cova valga: predisposed to what pathology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased MA Of abductors |
|
|
Term
| Coxa vara: surgical neck impact |
|
Definition
| increased bending moment at surgical neck |
|
|
Term
| Coxa vara: bony material characteristics |
|
Definition
| increased density of lateral trabeculae |
|
|
Term
| Coxa vara: effect of increased bending moment |
|
Definition
| increased loads predispose to fx at femoral neck |
|
|
Term
| Coxa vara: potential adolescent pathology |
|
Definition
increased risk of slipped capital femoral epiphysis
disruption of growth plate
must be fixated |
|
|
Term
| torsion angle: what is it |
|
Definition
| transverse plane femoral head through distal condyles of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| torsion angle: anteversion |
|
Definition
| torsion angle >15-20 degrees |
|
|
Term
| torsion angle: retroversion |
|
Definition
| torsion angle <15-20 degrees |
|
|
Term
| how do angulation deviations occur |
|
Definition
| singularly or bilaterally |
|
|
Term
| pt presents with angulation deviations, what should you do? |
|
Definition
| assess for hip function and prx/dist jt function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decrease stability d/t excess load anteriorly
reduce abductor MA
increase risk of arthrosis
elicit gait deviation (toe in/genu valgum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does femoral IR do to the knee? what is it called |
|
Definition
orients the knee medially
medial femoral torsion |
|
|
Term
| medial femoral torsion is to the distal femur as what to the proximal femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compensatory motion as a result of medial femoral torsion |
|
Definition
| compensatory ER of the tibia |
|
|
Term
| Hip congruence: articular surface of femur vs acetabulum |
|
Definition
| articular surface of femur is greather than the acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| Hip congruence: hip functions in NWB |
|
Definition
| hip functions as a incongruent jt |
|
|
Term
| Hip congruence: changes in the hip jt in WB |
|
Definition
| in WB elastic deformation of the acetabulum increases contact with the femoral head |
|
|
Term
| Hip congruence: primary contact |
|
Definition
| ant/superior and posterior |
|
|
Term
| Hip congruence: purpose of he acetabular fossa |
|
Definition
| important in establishing th e(-) pressure particle vacuum....surgical dislocation is difficult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capsule: proximally attached where via what |
|
Definition
| at the acetabulum via the zona orbicularis |
|
|
Term
| Capsule: prevents what forces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capsule: ligaments associated with it |
|
Definition
(3)
iliofemoral
pubefemoral
ischiofemoral |
|
|
Term
| LIgaments: main one and its function |
|
Definition
ligamentum teres
carries blood supply and may help with stability |
|
|
Term
| LIgaments: pathologic contribution |
|
Definition
| may elicit pain and clicking if impinged in the jt |
|
|
Term
| what is avascular necrosis |
|
Definition
| disruption of blood supply to the femoral head |
|
|
Term
| what injury can lead to avascualr necrosis |
|
Definition
| ligametum teres disruption with other causes such a fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| childhod collapse of femoral head d/t loss of blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ligament that resists medial and lateral rotation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ligament that makes up the posterior capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral ligaments all tighten with what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Open pack position of the hip and bony congruence |
|
Definition
extension, abduction, and IR is the most congruent
but open packed |
|
|
Term
| closed packed position of the hip and bony congruence |
|
Definition
least congruence/lowest tension
flexion, abductino, neutral rotation |
|
|
Term
| retroverted hip ROM changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens with the ligaments and femoral head with extension |
|
Definition
| ligaments twist around the femoral head and draw the head into the acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| how is the trabecula in teh femoral head/neck aligned |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most wb pelvic stress passes from what structure to what structure |
|
Definition
| from the SI to the acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| The HAT puts what type of force on the femoral head |
|
Definition
| compressive downward force |
|
|
Term
| the HAT puts a downward compressive force on the femoral head, what load is put on the lateral structures of the femur |
|
Definition
| a tensile (load) resulting in bending |
|
|
Term
| the HAT puts a downward compressive force on the femoral head, what load is put on the inferior medial structures of the femur |
|
Definition
| structures are being compressed toward each other |
|
|
Term
| what are the systems of the femur that resist the compressive and tensile loads |
|
Definition
2 major (medial and lateral)
minor trabcular systems |
|
|
Term
| what are the systems of the femur that resist the compressive and tensile loads |
|
Definition
2 major (medial and lateral)
minor trabcular systems |
|
|
Term
| Trabecular systems: what are teh strongest areas |
|
Definition
| areas where the lines cross at right angles |
|
|
Term
| Trabecular systems: where is the zone of weakenss |
|
Definition
| area where none of the lines cross |
|
|
Term
| Trabecular systems: the zone of weakness and its susceptibility to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trabecular systems: what supports 50% of the load in the zone of weakness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the primary wt bearing part of the acetabulum? |
|
Definition
the dome
superior lunate
primary wt bearing portion of the hip is the superior aspect |
|
|
Term
| jt characteristics of the jt in order to get the best jt nutrition |
|
Definition
| large femoral head to have congruent alignment |
|
|
Term
| jt nutrition: if incongruent orientation persists, what happens |
|
Definition
| yields incomplete compressino of the dome cartilage and limited fluid exchange (loss of diffusion/imbibation) |
|
|
Term
| Hip kinematics: 2 jt mm that influenc emotion |
|
Definition
HS
Rectus femoris
gracilis
TFL-ITB |
|
|
Term
| closed chain movement of the pelvis and femur |
|
Definition
pelvis moves on femur
anterior tilt = hip flexion
posterior tilt = hip extension |
|
|
Term
| with hip hiking/pelvic drop what is the pivot point |
|
Definition
pivot point is the hip opposite the motion
right hip hike = left hip pivot point |
|
|
Term
| which can only be done in bilateral stance: hip hike or hip drop |
|
Definition
hip drop
hip hike requires unilateral stance |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the pelvis in lateral shift during bilateral stance |
|
Definition
pelvis can only drop
right shift, left side drops |
|
|
Term
| Rotation of the pelvis occurs primarily in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what must occur for forward pelvic rotation |
|
Definition
single leg stance
pelvis opposite wt bearing leg moves anterior |
|
|
Term
| what must occur for backward pelvic rotation |
|
Definition
single leg stance
pelvis opposite wt bearing leg moves posterior |
|
|
Term
| Backward rotation of the pelvis produces what type of motion at the hip (2) |
|
Definition
relative motion
ER of supporting/WB hip |
|
|
Term
| forward rotation of teh pelvis produces what type of motion at the hip (2) |
|
Definition
relative motion)
IR of supporting/WB hip |
|
|
Term
| the pevifemoral motion/rhythm occurs in what chain motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Puprose of the pelvifemoral/rhythm |
|
Definition
| femur, pelvis, and spine coordinate motion to create greater ROM tan working in isolation |
|
|
Term
| What is the motion of the pelvifemoral motion/rhythm in right sidelying |
|
Definition
| abduction of the L hip, left lateral pelvic tilt (hike), left lumbar side flexion |
|
|
Term
| true closed chain motion involves what |
|
Definition
| that both proximal and distal ends be fixed |
|
|
Term
| CKC Hip motion: femoral head fixation |
|
Definition
| femoral head is "relatively" fixed when it remains upright |
|
|
Term
| CKC Hip motion: which hip motion does not occur in this chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CKC Hip motion: hip flexion does not occur in this chain unless what |
|
Definition
| other segments in the chain provide motion to keep the head fixed |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: anterior pelvic itlt |
|
Definition
hip flexion
lumbar extension |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: posterior pelvic tilt |
|
Definition
hip extension
lumbar flexion |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: left lateral pelvic tilt (drop) |
|
Definition
right hip add
right lateral flexion |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: left lateral pelvis hike |
|
Definition
right hip abd
left lateral flexion |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: forward pelvic rotation, SLS on R |
|
Definition
right hip IR (Relative)
left rot |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic motion and accompanying hip and compesnatory lumbar motion: pelvic backward rot, SLS on R |
|
Definition
right hip ER (relative)
right rotation of L spine |
|
|
Term
| most important hip flexor and its characteristics (2) |
|
Definition
Iliopsoas
2 jt mm
creates lumbar extension |
|
|
Term
| Hip flexors: secondary hip flexor and its characteristics (2) |
|
Definition
rectus femoris
greatest contribution to hip flexion when knee is flexed (puts rectus femoris in optimal length) |
|
|
Term
| Hip flexors: 4 total hip flexors |
|
Definition
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorious
TFL |
|
|
Term
| Hip flexors: Sartorious characteristics (5) |
|
Definition
flexor
abductor
ER
small cross sectional area
not considered important |
|
|
Term
| Hip flexors: TFL characteristics (5) |
|
Definition
flex
abd
IR
helps alleviate tensile femoral load
believed to assist in hip stability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
believed to function in reflex to gait activities
not a true mover |
|
|
Term
| Hip adductors: high rate of straining d/t what? most common mm strained? |
|
Definition
sports activities
adductor longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glute max
HS
Semitendinosus
Semi membranosus |
|
|
Term
| Hip extensors: glut max characteristics (3) |
|
Definition
1 jt
largest of LE mm
can also ER the hip |
|
|
Term
| Hip extensors: HS characteristics (2) |
|
Definition
2 jt mm
heavily influenced by knee position |
|
|
Term
| Hip Abductors: similarity to the shoulder |
|
Definition
| the rotator cuff of the hip |
|
|
Term
| Hip Abductors: primary mm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip Abductors: which glute mm is similar to the deltoid, in that different sections perform different activites but all serve to abduct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip Abductors: glute medius anterior portion provides what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip Abductors: posterior glute med does what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip Abductors: if hip is in neutral, what motio does the posterior glute med provide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip Abductors: if the hip is in neutral, what motion do the mid and anterior glute med provide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obturator internus
obturator externus
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no mm only IR
piriformis is a part timer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ER at 0 hip flexion
IR at 90 hip flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
piriformis syndrome
grossly over diagnosed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if lateral, tissues implicated/pathologies (2) and tx (1) |
|
Definition
TFL/ITB snapping over the greater trochantr
may cause trochanteric bursitis
stretching the ITB/injections |
|
|
Term
| Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping anterior, tissues implicated |
|
Definition
| adductor snapping across the pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping posterior, tissues implicated |
|
Definition
snaps at bottom
subluxation of the long head of the biceps femoris over the iscial tuberosity
progression of tendinosis at the attachment |
|
|
Term
| Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping posterior, tissues implicated |
|
Definition
snaps at bottom
subluxation of the long head of the biceps femoris over the iscial tuberosity
progression of tendinosis at the attachment |
|
|
Term
| Snapping hip/coxa saltans: if snapping is internal: tissues implicated |
|
Definition
Iliopsoas snapping over the iliopectinal eminence
deep "thump"
tendon hangs up and snaps across the eminence and the anterior hip capsule |
|
|
Term
| Intra-articular lesions (2 types) and prognosis |
|
Definition
chondral
labral
both are generally part of an impingement presentation which leads to femoralacetabular impingement |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: believed to start when and how |
|
Definition
in childhood
abnormal bone development on the acetabulum/femoral neck-head |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: what magnifies the abnormalities with some beleivign it to be the cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: acetabulum develops what type of lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: diaphysis of the femoral neck develops what type of lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: what is a pincer lesion |
|
Definition
| overgrowth of the anterior superior acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: pincer lesion gender differences |
|
Definition
| if pincer lesion only, more common in females |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: what is a cam lesion |
|
Definition
| thickening of the femoral neck and or the femoral head |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: what is a cam lesion |
|
Definition
| thickening of the femoral neck and or the femoral head |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: Cam lesion: with motion it impacts what aspect of the labrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: which lesion may play a role in forming the other |
|
Definition
| cam may play a role in formation of a pincer d/t constant impac |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: Pincer lesion: presents with this (+) sign |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: Pincer lesion: what is it |
|
Definition
| the anterior acetabulum sits in front of the posterior egdge |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: most common variant |
|
Definition
| mixed variant of both pincer and cam |
|
|
Term
| Femoracetabular impingement: pt presentation |
|
Definition
| pt does not have issues until the labrum is torn and the chondral lip begins to delaminate which is painful |
|
|
Term
| Labral tears: disctinciton about the injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Labral tears: if labral tears are not actually tears, what are they |
|
Definition
impact of the cam causes the chondral labral junction to fail
labrum seperates off the chondral lip
can "shred" inside the jt |
|
|
Term
| Arthrosis(arthritis): progressive OA degeneration of what structures |
|
Definition
hip
femoral and/or acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| Arthrosis(arthritis): typical pt/population |
|
Definition
typically older pt's
rise in FAI and understanding of its progression can lead to early onset OA |
|
|
Term
| Arthrosis(arthritis): rise in FAI has led to a subsequent increase in what |
|
Definition
|
|
