Term
Indus River Valley
(What are the Cities?) |
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Definition
Harappa
Mehrgarh
Mohenjo-Daro
Lothal |
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Book of mantra
Indo-European language
Collection of songs/hymns |
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| one supreme, universal spirit that is the origin and support of the phenomenal universe |
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| member of the priestly varna (caste) |
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| What are the main religious texts of Vedic and classical Hinduism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three margas? |
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Definition
1. Karma Marga- path of action (ritual and moral)
2. Jnana Marga- path of knowledge (meditation)
3. Bhakti Marga- path of devotion (puja) |
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| What are the purusharthas? |
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Definition
Dharma- family/job obligation
Artha- material benefit—money, politics, etc.
Kama- sex and romance
Moksha- liberation of the spirit |
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| What are the four asramas? |
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Definition
1. Student- study with guru
2. house holder- marriage
3. hermit/forest dweller- pursuit of moksha
4. Sannyasa/renunciation- moksha is final goal |
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| Who are the major gods of classical Hinduism in their various forms? What do they represent? |
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Definition
Siva- lord of yoga and fertility
Shiva- lord of destruction
Sivaas nataraja- lord of the dance
Yoni- female counterpart of siva
Nandi- siva’s bull assistant
Ganesa- person with elephant head, Parvati’s (devi’s) child. Associated with siva
Lakshmi- goddess of fortune
Sita- goddess; represents benevolence, beauty, virtue
Sarasvati- goddess of learning, music, arts
Durga- warrior goddess
Kali- goddess of death |
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Term
| What are the major festivals of Hinduism? |
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Definition
Divali (lakshmi’s festival)
Family holiday, exchange presents, like Christmas
Sivaratri (celebration of Siva)
Happens at night, roll up marijuana (bhang) and eat it
Takes place in Benares |
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| “liberation of the spirit” |
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| What are the Eight Limbs of Yoga? |
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Definition
1. Yama- restraint
2. Niyama- celibacy
3. Asanas- postures
4. Pranayama- breathing
5. Pratyahara- withdrawal of senses
6. Dharana- attention
7. Dhyana- meditation
8. Samadhi- complete absorption |
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| Incarnation of a god/goddess |
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Term
| deva/devi (give examples) |
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Definition
lakshmi
parvati
durga
kali |
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Definition
Concept from which dharma arises
Means “order” |
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| belief that there are many manifestations of one godly being |
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“aims of human life”
family/job obligation |
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| an epiphany in order to achieve moksha |
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| rituals performed as an offering to deities |
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Means sign
(Sign of potency, virility, and masculinity of Siva |
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Term
| Mahatma (Mahandas) Ghandi |
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Definition
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Definition
rites of passage
ex: upanayana
marriage
cremation
sraddhas |
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| Indian guru who founded four Mathas to guide the Hindu religion |
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| lord of yoga and fertility |
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| female counterpart of Siva |
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| Person with elephant head, Parvati's (devi's) child. Associated with Siva |
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| goddess; represents benevolence, beauty and virtue |
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| goddess of learning, music, arts |
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