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-derived from a name applied by foreigners to the people living in the region of the Indus River
-Hinduism doesn't necessarily follow the more reified and philosophical Brahmanic tradition |
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| Hindi word-religion: encompassing duty, natural law, social welfare, ethics, health, and transcendental realization |
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| How many deities are there in the Hindu tradition? |
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| religious texts often referred to as the foundations of Hinduism, revered collection of sarcred hymns |
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| What is the vedas role and what is the name of the ancient language they were written? |
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| Thought to transcend human time and they were written in sanskirt: between classical european languages such as Latin and Greek |
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| What is the realtionship between "atman" and "Brahman"? |
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| one discovers inner self, the self merges into its transcendent source and one experiences unspeakable peace and bliss |
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sought ultimate reality through their meditations in the forest-use of bodily senses
want to discover the transcendent from within "the unknowable" |
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| teachings from highly realized spiritual masters |
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| Doctrine of reincarnation |
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| rishis taught that the soul leaves the dead body and enters a new one-for the soul to advance it ultimate goal of liberation from rebirth and merging with the absolute reality |
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| action, and the consequence of ours action, our life what we have made it, we ourselves are shaped to what we have done |
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| not creation of good lives by good deeds, but a clean escape from the karma-run wheel of birth, death, rebirth |
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| liberation from the limitations of space, time, and matter through realization of the immoral absolute |
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| overall structure of Brahman |
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-deep roots in teh vedas nd other scriptures, direct relationships of the truth through meditation
-hold ethics to be central to orderly social life suffering the law of karma
-hold that the ultimate cause of suffering is people's ignorance of the self |
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| making us think the physical universe has its own reality, power by which the absolute veils itself |
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| What is the root meaning of yoga? |
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practices for developing the desired state of balance, purity, wisdom, and peacefulness of mind
-"yoke" or "union" referring to union with the true self |
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| What are the four types of yoga? |
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-Raja: mental connection for meditative people
-Jnana: rational people
-Karma: naturally active people
-Bhakti: emotional people |
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| What is the most popular type of yoga? |
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| subtle energy centers along the spine. certain type of breathing to control the flow of energy within the subtle energy field |
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sacred formulas, express an aspect of the divine in the form of sound vibration
-believed to evoke the reality they named
-recreation of the actual sound forms of objects, actions, and qualities |
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| the Absolute, the Supreme Reality. used to be called the universal breath |
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| What sort of deities do "Shaktas" worship? |
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-fierce form: blooding dripping, carrying a sword w/ severed head, necklace of skulls symbolizing destroyer of evil-really transformation
-embodies wealth, generosity, good fortune, beauty, and charm-lotus flower-refined spiritual energy that rises above worldly contamination |
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| What is the symbolic significance of the Ganges River? |
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considered and especially sacred female presence, and her waters flowing down from the HImalayas are thought to be extraordinary purifying
-cremated ashes are placed in there thinking it will wash away your sins |
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| Who do the "Shaivites" worship? |
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| shiva: as the totality with many aspects. unmanifest: creator, preserver, destroyer, personal Lord, friend, and primal soul. all pervasive underlying energy the more o f less impersonal love and light that flows through all things |
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| What is the significance of lingam and the yoni? |
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unity of male and female-symbol of the female vulva
see it as nearly formless symbol for the unmanifest whereas the other represents the manifest aspect |
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| Ganesh is the head of what animal? |
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Definition
| elephant-guards the threshold of space and time and is therefore invoked for his blessings at the beginning of any new venture |
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| Who is Vishnu-main characteristic? |
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Definition
| beloved as the tender, merciful deity. he was the god that sage chose because of how he reacted |
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| What is the symbolic significance of the lotus flower? |
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| always growing, continually being reborn-grouwing out of Vishnu's navel |
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| Krishna is an avatar of which major Hindu Deity? |
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| Krishna is most famous in which great mystical Hindu poem? |
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| Mahabharata, Bhagavad-Gita "song of the supreme exalted one" |
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| How many rituals are prescribed for Hindus as they progress through the various stages of life? |
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| 16. to purify and sanctify the person in his or her journey through life |
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| When statuses and images of gods are used in Hindu rituals, how do Hindus treat them, and why? |
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Definition
| treated as if it were a living king or queen |
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| Why is cremation psychologically satisfying from a Hindu perspective? |
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| in the context of Brahmanic Hinduism, in which the body is regarded as merely a disposable vehicle for the immortal soul |
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| What are the basic 5 levels of the Hindu "caste" system from highest to lowest? |
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Definition
-priests and philosophers
-nobility:kings and warriors
-economic specialists: farmers and merchants
-manual laborers and artisians
-outcastes or untouchables |
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| What did Ghandi rename the lowest caste, and why did he do that? |
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| Harijans-"the children of God" and he had to because "untouchability" was legally abolished in 1948 |
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| Is hospitality important or unimportant for Hindus? |
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Definition
| very important. if you turn away someone without feeding them it is a great sin |
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| What is a "guru"? Do gurus seek out students or do students seek out gurus? |
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| spiritual teacher, they are sought out because people are drawn by how much they have achieved by their spritual status |
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| Women statues in the Hindu traditions-negative and positive |
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-dharma(order in society), marital wealth (bearing sons), and the aesthetics of sensual pleasure
-not traditionally encouraged to seek out liberation through their own spiritual practices |
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| Hindus approach with nature closely related to indigenous or modern scientific? |
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| treated the same was the indigenous traditions. strong taboo against cutting certain sacred tree speices-home of deity |
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| Are spiritual practices liek fasting, pilgrimages, and festivals common or uncommon in Hinduism? |
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| very common among the Hindu traditions |
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| Are modern Hindu teachers like Ghandi, Ramakrishna, and Singh exclusivist or universalist? |
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| all univeralist-accept that truth may be found in all religions |
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| What is the essence of the Swadhyaya movement? |
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| silent social revolution based on the principles of the ancient Hindu scriptures Bhagavada-Gita. slef studying, using traditional sriptural teachings as a means for critcally analyzing oneself |
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| Does the Indian constitution aprrove or disapprove of secularism? |
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| disapproves, because in the name of secularism people are being robbed of their religious values and identity |
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| Who are the "RSS" an what is ther socio-political agenda? How does it contrast with other modern Hindu leaders? |
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| relgious organization Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP). maintain ten thousands of branches in villages and cities where Hindu boys and men meet for group games, songs, lectures, and prayers |
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