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Hinduism
Exam 3
26
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
12/12/2010

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Term
Samkhya
Definition
Orthodox school. Enumeration school which posited a dualism between matter (prakriti) and self (purusa), both of which are real, though distinct.
Term
Bhasya
Definition
Commentary. Extensive explanation.
Term
Yoga
Definition
Orthodox school of Patanjali which assumes the metaphysics of Samkhya.
Term
Mimamsa
Definition
Orthodox school of vedic exegies which assumes the reality of many
Term
Vedanta
Definition
Orthodox school which develops from the Upanisads and which argues for the reality of the one and in one of its forms denies the reality of many.
Term
Nyaya
Definition
Orthodox school of logic.
Term
Vaisesika
Definition
The orthodox atomist school, associated with Nyaya, which assumes the reality of the many. Each phenomenon is distinct and different.
Term
Sankara
Definition
Advaita thinker. Most famous Indian philosopher. Wrote many commentaries. Theology says that ignorance or illusion is caused by superimposition of what is not the self onto the self. Discrimination allows one to see oneself.
Term
Advaita Vedanta
Definition
Most famous Indian philosophy. Founded by Sankara. Non-dualistic. Absolute monism.
Term
Ramanuja
Definition
Theologian of Sri Vaisnava. Refuted monism of Sankara. All passages of sacred scripture must be taken equally. 2 aspects of god: inner and outer nature. Self is distinct of God until liberation.
Term
Visistadvaita Vedanta
Definition
Philosophy founded by Ramanuja. Resistance of monism.
Term
Madhva
Definition
Vaisnava theologian. Wrote many commentaries. Dualistic. Renouncer. Established monastic center. Distinction between self and the lord. Liberation is obtained from devotion.
Term
Dvaita Vedanta
Definition
Philosophy founded by Madhva. Dualistic. Distinction between self and the lord.
Term
Ram Mohan Roy
Definition
Father of modern India. Dislike image worship. Belief that god is transcendent, who is the creator but cannot be known. All religions are one. Rejects karma and incarnation.
Term
Brahmo Samaj
Definition
Movement founded by Ram Mohan Roy. Wanted to restore Hinduism to what it used to be. Took after Christian movements and had weekly meetings/services. Didn't focus on rituals. Applied to all classes.
Term
Dayananda Sarasvati
Definition
Renouncer. Said Veda is revelation. Superstitions should be abandoned, along with the epics. Wanted purer form of vedic religion. LIberation is not the merging of the soul into god.
Term
Arya Samaj
Definition
Aryan society founded by Sarasvati. Founded schools which promoted Hindu unity and vedic or aryan culture. Intolerant of other faiths.
Term
Ramakrsna
Definition
Hindu mystic who declared unity of all religions. Saw visions of the goddess. All religions are paths to one god.
Term
Vivekanda
Definition
Disciple of Ramakrsna. The absolute exists in all beings. Articulated Hinduism as a world religion.
Term
Vedanta society.
Definition
Founded by Vivekanda in New York.
Term
Gandhi
Definition
Hindu philosopher. Religious context was bhakti. Belief that truth, god, and self were one. Expressed the importance of passivity and unity.
Term
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
Definition
Indian guru. World traveler. Founder of Transcendental Meditation Movement. Influenced the Beatles.
Term
Sathya Sai Baba
Definition
Famous for his magical powers, producing images and sacred ash from his hands.
Term
RSS
Definition
Cultural organization to promote the interest of Hindus against Muslims, Christians, and communists. Has carried out most of the communal violence in India.
Term
VHP
Definition
Similar to RSS.
Term
BJP
Definition
Natiionalist political party. Gives voice to Hindu nationalism and opposes congress. Wishes to uphold the rights of Hindus.
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