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Hinduism Terms
Various Terms
41
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
12/14/2008

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Term
Agni
Definition
Agni: God of fire. Digested food into smoke released to God. Goes to Shiva to get sperm
Term
Bhakti
Definition
Means devotion, emotion, to be passionate

Bhakti as a process of yoga (Bhakti yoga) is described in detail famously within the Bhagavad Gita, wherein it is given as the ultimate form of religious expression[3], for which all other dharmas should be abandoned[4] and also in other texts such as the Narada Bhakti Sutra.
Term
Avatar
Definition
Means incarnation; literlly means descent.

implies a deliberate descent from higher spiritual realms to lower realms of existence for special purposes.
Term
Brahma
Definition
Male God creator act of regenerating the world.

is the Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.
Term
Brahman
Definition
Brahman is the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe. Achieving moksha results in Brahman-atman union.
Term
Brahmin
Definition
The class of educators, scholars and preachers in Hinduism. It occupies the highest position among the four varnas of Brahminical Hinduism.
Term
Caste
Definition
system of structuring society that is still influential. Created from god Purusha. Brahma, Kshatriya, Vaisha, Sudra
Castes are hereditary systems of occupation, endogamy, social culture, social class, and political power, the assignment of individuals to places in the social hierarchy is determined by social group and cultural heritage.
Term
Chaitanya
Definition
was a monk and social reformer of the 16th century Bengal,[1] (present-day West Bengal and Bangladesh) and Orissa in India.
Specifically he worshipped the forms of Radha and Krishna and popularised the chanting of the Hare Krishna maha mantra
Term
Dharma
Definition
duty or obligation. Everyone has individual Dharma and if he follows his Dharma, he will reborn higher caste.
Term
Durga
Definition
Wife of Shiva and appears as female warrior to protect world. Represents female power to avenge wrong.
Term
Gopi
Definition
is a word of Sanskrit (गोपी) origin meaning 'cow-herd girl'. In Hinduism specifically the name gopi (sometimes gopika) is used more commonly to refer to the group of cow herding girls famous within Vaishnava Theology for their unconditional devotion (Bhakti) to Krishna as described in the stories of Bhagavata Purana and other Puranic literatures.
Term
Hanuman
Definition
is one of the most popular concepts of devotees of God (bhakti) (devotion to God) in Hinduism and one of the most important personalities in the Indian epic, the Ramayana. His most famous feat, as described in the Hindu epic scripture the Ramayana, was leading a monkey army to fight the demon King Ravana.
Term
Kali
Definition
Great and powerful goddess capable of terrible destruction. Appears as dark angry goddess who drinks blood of enemies (wife of Shiva).
Term
Kama
Definition
god sends him to Shiva to make him fall in love with. He failed and he burns his third eye.
Term
Kamsa
Definition
His father was King Ugrasen and mother was Queen Padmavati. Kansa decided to overthrow his father and install himself as the King of Mathura
Term
Karma
Definition
Deeds, actions that binds one to samsara. Every action has effect. Accumulating positive karma results in positive effects, vice versa.
Term
Krishna
Definition
a deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism in a variety of different perspectives. While many Vaishnava groups recognize him as an avatar of Vishnu, other traditions within Krishnaism consider Krishna to be svayam bhagavan, or the supreme being.
Krishna is often depicted as an infant, as a young boy playing a flute as in the Bhagavata Purana,[1] or as a youthful prince giving direction and guidance as in the Bhagavad Gita.
Term
Lakshmi
Definition
Wife of Vishnu and goddess who cares for devotees through worldly benefits. Goddess of light and good luck.
Term
Linga
Definition
a symbol for the worship of the Hindu deity Shiva. The use of this symbol for worship is an ancient tradition in India extending back at least to the early Indus Valley civilization.
Term
Maya
Definition
illusion. Magic sharpinaka and Putana use to make themselves beautiful.
Term
Mirabai
Definition
a Hindu mystical poetess whose compositions are popular throughout India. Mirabai is held to have been a disciple of Ravidas. Mirabai composed between 200 to 1300 prayerful songs called bhajans.
Term
Moksha
Definition
literally "release" (the liberation from samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth or reincarnation and all of the suffering and limitation of worldly existence.
Term
Parvati
Definition
Beautiful young goddess with whom Shiva makes passionate love. Represents female erotic power to which male responds.
Term
Puja
Definition
performing prayer
Term
Purusha
Definition
Hinduism cosmogony that explains a human part became physical world. It is the Basis of caste system.
Term
Putana
Definition
is a Rakshasi (demoness), who is killed by the infant-god Krishna.
Putana is interpreted as an infantile disease or bird, symbolizing danger to an infant or desire respectively, and even as a symbolic bad mother.
Term
Radha
Definition
the Gita Govinda of the Hindu religion. Krishna's wife
Term
Rama
Definition
a legendary king of Ayodhya in ancient India. In Hinduism,[1] he is considered to be an avatar of Vishnu
Term
Ravana
Definition
10 headed-demon who kidnapped Sita. He died because he looked at her
Term
Samsara
Definition
Wheel of death and rebirth. It gives a person an idea that his action will determine the next life.
Term
Samskara
Definition
are Vedic rites of passage finding varied acceptance among religious adherents of Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and some schools of thought in Buddhism.
Term
Sarasvati
Definition
Female god. Represents poetry, music and dance. Rides a swan. Dresses in white purty
Term
Shakti
Definition
It is energy that manifests as universe. It is primal creative of nature and fertility.
Term
Shiva
Definition
God of creation, preservation, destruction. Shiva is seen as the supreme God. In the Smartha tradition, he is one of the five primary forms of God.
Term
Sita
Definition
the wife of Rama. She is esteemed as the standard setter for wifely and womanly virtues for all Hindu women
Term
Veda
Definition
are a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature[1] and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism. The class of "Vedic texts" is aggregated around the five canonical Saṃhitās or Vedas proper
Term
Vishnu
Definition
is the supreme God in Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism. Vishnu is described as having the divine color of clouds (dark-blue), four-armed, holding a lotus, mace, conch and chakra (wheel).
Term
Yajna
Definition
is a ritual of sacrifice derived from the practice of Vedic times. It is performed to please the gods or to attain certain wishes. An essential element is the sacrificial fire - the divine Agni - into which oblations are poured, as everything that is offered into the fire is believed to reach the gods.
Term
Yoga
Definition
state of mind to reach Moksha and to one of the six orthodox (āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy.
Term
Yogi
Definition
A male practitioner of various forms of the path of Yoga, maintaining a steadfast mind, the process of transcending the lower self through daily practices. This word is often used to describe Buddhist monks or a householder who is devoted to meditation.
Term
Yoni
Definition
is the Sanskrit word for "divine passage", "place of birth", "womb" in the sense of 'source of life' rather than a human organ, or "sacred temple". represents female. Bottom of the linga.
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