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Hiedel Honors
Chapters 5 and 6
32
Chemistry
10th Grade
11/06/2007

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Cards

Term
lathaninde
Definition
14 elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71
Term
actininde
Definition
14 elements with atomic numbers form 90 to 103
Term
Rare Earth Elements/ INner-Transition Elements (f-block)
Definition
28 elements in the lathaninde and actinide periods they are shiny metal that are too reactive to be found as free elements; all are radioactive
Term
periodic law
Definition
physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number
Term
periodic table
Definition
arrangement of elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column
Term
alkali metals
Definition
elements in group 1 al have silvery appearance and are soft; very reactive so not ofuond on earth as free elements
Term
alakli earth metals
Definition
elements in group 2 harder and more dense than group 1 but still are very reactive and not found on earth as free elements
Term
halogens
Definition
group 17 most reactive non-metals
Term
main group elements
Definition
p-block and s-block elements
Term
transition elements
Definition
d-block elements; metals
Term
anion
Definition
a negative ion formed by the addition of one or more electrons leads to an increase in atomic radius
Term
atomic radius
Definition
one-half the distance between the nucleus' of two identical atoms that are bonded
Term
cation
Definition
a positive ion formed by the loss of one or more electron
Term
electron affinity
Definition
energy change that occurs when an electron is gained by a neutral atom
Term
electronegativity
Definition
measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons form another atom in the compound
Term
ion
Definition
atom or group of nonded atoms that have a positive or negative charge
Term
ionization
Definition
any process that results in the formation of an ion
Term
ionization energy
Definition
energy required to remove one electron form a neutral atom
Term
valence electrons
Definition
electron available to be lost gained or shared int he formation of chemical compounds
Term
chemical bond
Definition
mutual electrical attraction between the nuclui and valence electrons of different atoms that bind the atoms together
Term
covalent bond
Definition
results from the sharing of electon pairs between two atoms
Term
ionic bonding
Definition
chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anion
Term
non-polar bond
Definition
bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms results in a balanced distribution of electrical charge
Term
polar
Definition
uneven distribution of charge
Term
polar covalent bond
Definition
covalent bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons
Term
bond energy
Definition
energy required to break a chemical bonds and form neutral isolated atoms
Term
bond length
Definition
two bonded atoms at their minimum PE or the average distance between two bonded atoms
Term
double bond
Definition
covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
Term
octet rule
Definition
chemical compounds tend to forms so that by gaining, losing, or sharing, an electron it has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level
Term
ionic compound
Definition
composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers if positve and negative charges are equal
Term
london dispersion forces
Definition
intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motions of electrons and the creation of instaneous dipoles
Term
V.S.E.P.R. Theory
Definition
staes that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surronding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible
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