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HHS Life Science
chapter 15 Invertebrates
85
Science
7th Grade
01/23/2007

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Term
INVERTEBRATES
Definition
animals that DO NOT have a backbone
Term
SYMMETRY
Definition
how an animal's body parts are arranged
Term
What are the 3 types of symmetry?
Definition
bilateral-when 2 sided of the body mirror each other
radial-when body parts are arranged around a center (like spokes on a wheel)
asymmetrical-when animals have no specific body plan
Term
NEURONS
Definition
special tissues that make fibers that allow animals to sense their environment
Term
GANGLION
Definition
a concertrated mass of nerve cells
Term
GUT
Definition
a pouch where good is broken down into small particles
Term
COELOM
Definition
the body cavity that surrounds the gut
Term
What are the 9 phyla of animals?
Definition
sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, annelid worms, mollusks, arthropods, echimoderms, and chordates
Term
SPONGES
Definition
the simplest invertebrates that are asymmetrical, have no tisues, gut, or neurons
Term
Why aren't sponges considered to be plants if they can't move?
Definition
because they can not make their own food
Term
How do sponges eat?
Definition
they filter food out of the water
Term
How can some animals use regeneration to reproduce?
Definition
when a part of an animal can become a whole new animal
Term
How do sponges reproduce?
Definition
sponges can use regeneration and can also reproduce sexually
Term
What are cnidarians?
Definition
animals that have radial symmetry, complex tissues, a gut, and a simple network of nerve cells
Term
What are the two body forms of cnidarians?
Definition
medusa-a bell-shaped form that can swim
polyp-a vase shaped form that is attached to a surface
Term
How do cnidarians get food?
Definition
they have tentacles with stinging cells
Term
What are the three majoor classses of cnidarians?
Definition
Hydrozoans (hydra)-most of life is spent as a polyp
jellyfish-spend most of life in medusa form
sea anemones and corals-spend most of life as polyps
Term
What are flatworms?
Definition
worms with bilateral symmetry, eyespots,and sensory lobes
Term
What are sensory lobes?
Definition
bumps on each side of the head that are used for detecting food
Term
What are the 3 main groups of flatworms?
Definition
planarians-flatworms that are predators and have a brain
flukes-parasitic flatworms
tapeworm-parasitic flatworms with no gut
Term
PARASITE
Definition
an organism that invades and feeds on another living organism
Term
HOST
Definition
an organism that provides food and a home for a parasite
Term
ROUNDWORMS
Definition
worms with long slim round bodies, bilateral symmetry, and a simple nervous system
Term
What are three examples of roundworms?
Definition
pinworms, hookworms, trichinella
Term
What are the three classes of mollusks?
Definition
1)gastropods-most have 1 shell (snail & slug)
2)bivalves-have 2 shells (clam & oysters)
3)cephalopods-have no shell but a large well-developed head and tentacles (octopuse & squids)
Term
RADULA
Definition
a tongue-like organ with rows of teeth that gastropods use for scraping food off of rocks
Term
What are the two kinds of circulatory systems?
Definition
1)Open-heart pumps blood into spaces in the animal's body
2)closed-heart pumps blood through a network of blood vessels that form a closed loop
Term
What are some characteristics of all mollusks?
Definition
1)have a complex ganglia
2)have a circulartoy system
3)have a muscular foot
4)have a visceral mass (group of organs)
5)have a mantle (layer of tissue that covers visceral mass)
Term
ANNELID WORMS
Definition
segmented worms with bilateral symmetry, a complex nervous system with a brain and a closed circulartory system
Term
What are the three major groups of annelids?
Definition
1)earthworms
2)marine worms
3)leeches
Term
What are two ways that earthworms help gardens?
Definition
1)castings help make soil richer
2)tunnels allow air and water to reach deep into soil
Term
CASTINGS
Definition
wastes left by earthworms
Term
What are two ways doctors use leeches to help people?
Definition
1)prevent swelling near a wound
2)prevent or dissolve blood clots
Term
What percent of all animal species are arthropods?
Definition
75%
Term
What 4 characteristics do arthropods share?
Definition
1)have segmented bodies with specialized parts
2)have jointed limbs
3)have an exoskeleton
4)have a well-developed nervous system
Term
EXOSKELETON
Definition
a hard external skeleton
Term
What are the 4 jobs of an exoskeleton?
Definition
1)support the body
2)allows the animal to move
3)pretects internal organs
4)keeps body from drying out
Term
COMPOUND EYE
Definition
an eye made of many identical light-sensitive units
Term
ANTENNAE
Definition
a feeler that can sense touch, taste, or smell
Term
How are arthropods classified into groups?
Definition
by the kind of body parts they have
Term
What are the 4 groups of arthropods?
Definition
1)centipedes and millipedes
2)crustaceans
3)arachnids
4)insects
Term
What are some characteristics of centipedes and millipedes?
Definition
have one pair of antennae, a hard head, and mandibles
Term
MANDIBLE
Definition
mouth parts that can pierce and chew food
Term
How do you tell the difference between centipedes and millipedes?
Definition
centipedes have 1 pair of legs per segment and millipedes have 2 pairs of legs per segment
Term
What are some characteristics of crustaceans?
Definition
have gills, mandibles, 2 pair of antennae, 10 legs, and 2 compound eyes on stalks
Term
What are some examples of crustaceans?
Definition
shrimp, baracles, crabs, lobsters, crayfish, waterfleas
Term
What are some characteristics of arachnids?
Definition
have no antenna, have 4 pairs of legs, have 2 body regions
Term
What are some examples of arachnids?
Definition
spiders, scorpions, and ticks
Term
What are the 3 characteristics of insects?
Definition
have 3 main body regions, 6 legs, and 2 antennae
Term
What are some examples of insects?
Definition
fly, mosquito, beetles, termites, butterflies, ants
Term
METAMORPHOSIS
Definition
phase in like cycle of many animals during which a rapid chage from immature to an adult takes place
Term
What are the 4 stages of complete metamorphosis?
Definition
egg, larva, pupa, adult
Term
What are the 3 stages of incomplete metamorphosis?
Definition
egg, nymph, adult
Term
MOLTING
Definition
the process where an animal sheds its exoskeleton
Term
What are 6 characteristics of echinoderms?
Definition
1)have a spiny skin
2)live in the ocean
3)have an endoskeleton
4)have radial symmetry as adults
5)have a nerve ring
6)have a water vascular system
Term
ENDOSKELETON
Definition
an internal skeleton
Term
WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM
Definition
a series of canals filled with fluids that help animals move, eat, breathe, and sense their environment
Term
What are the 5 major classes of echinoderms?
Definition
1)sea stars
2)brittle stars and basket stars
3)sea urchins and sand dollars
4)sea lilies and feather stars
5)sea cucumbers
Term
How many invertbrates have been named?
Definition
1 million
Term
Some invertbrates eat food through their mouths. Others absorb food through their ______.
Definition
tissues
Term
OSCULUM
Definition
hole on top of the sponge that allows water to leave a sponge.
Term
SPICULES
Definition
hard fibres that make up the sponge's skeleton
Term
PORES
Definition
holes outside of a sponge's body that allow water to flow into a sponge
Term
COLLAR CELLS
Definition
filter and digest foods
Term
List two functions of neurons.
Definition
sense their enviornment and carry messages around the body to control an animal's actions
Term
A characteristic that defines cnidarians as a group is thier _____
Definition
STINGING CELLS
Term
What distingusishes flatworms from other kings of worms?
Definition
they are the simplest
Term
How many roundworms can live in a single rotten apple?
Definition
100,000
Term
What kind of roundworm can be passed to people from infected pork?
Definition
trichinosis
Term
Uses tentacles to grab food
Definition
octopuses and squids
Term
Uses gills to filter food
Definition
clams and oysters
Term
uses a radula
Definition
snails and slugs
Term
All mollusks have complex ________ to control breathing, movement, and digestion.
Definition
ganglia
Term
Of all invertevrates, Octopuses and squids have the most advanced ______.
Definition
nervous system
Term
name the two mollusks that have closed circulatory systems.
Definition
squids and octopuses
Term
FOOT
Definition
helps the animal move
Term
VISCERAL MASS
Definition
includes the gills, guts, and other organs
Term
MANTLE
Definition
a layer of tissue that covers the visceral mass
Term
SHELL
Definition
protects some mollusks from predators
Term
Annelid worms are often called
Definition
segmented worms
Term
How many segments do earthworms have
Definition
100 to 175
Term
What are marine worms covered with?
Definition
bristles
Term
Means "many bristles"
Definition
polychaetes
Term
live mostly in the ocean
Definition
marine worms
Term
hae many segments
Definition
earthworms
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