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HHS life science
chapter 3
38
Science
7th Grade
10/03/2006

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Term
What is a CELL
Definition
the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life
Term
Who was ROBERT HOOKE
Definition
the first person to describe cells while looking at thin slices of cork
Term
Who was ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
Definition
a person who made his own microscopes and saw protist, bacteria, blood cells, and yeast
Term
Who was MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
Definition
the scientist who concluded that all plant parts are made of cells
Term
Who was THEODOR SCHWANN
Definition
the scientist who concluded that all animal tissues are made of cells
Term
Who was RUDOLPH VIRCHOW
Definition
the scientist who stated that all cells could form only from other existing cells
Term
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory
Definition
1 - all organisms are made of 1 or more cells


2 - the cell is the basic unit of all living things

3 - all cells come from existing cells
Term
Why must cells stay small
Definition
cells are limited by their surface area-to-volume ratio
Term
What is a CELL MEMBRANE
Definition
a protective layer that covers the cell's surface and acts as a barrier, it also controls what enters and leaves the cell
Term
What is Cytoplasm
Definition
a gel-like substance inside the cell
Term
What are ORGANELLES
Definition
structures inside a cell that perform specific fuctions for the cell
Term
What is a NUCLEUS
Definition
a membrane-covered organelle that contains the cell's DNA and controls what happens inside the cell
Term
What are the 2 basic types of cells
Definition
prokaryotic - cells that have no nucleus

eukaryotic - cells that have a nucleus
Term
What are PROKARYOTES
Definition
single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus
Term
What are some examples of prokaryotes
Definition
bacteria and archaea
Term
How are bacteria and archaea different
Definition
archaea and bacteria have different types of ribosomes and cell walls
Term
What are EUKARYOTES
Definition
organisms that have cells that contain a nucleus
examples of some single celled eukaryotes are yeast and amebas
Term
What is MULTICELLULAR
Definition
many-celled
Term
What is a CELL WALL
Definition
a rigid structure that surrounds a cell to give it support
Term
What is the CYTOSKELETON
Definition
a web of protiens in the cytoplasm that keeps the cell membrane from collapsing and can help with movement
Term
What are RIBOSOMES
Definition
organelles that make protiens
Term
What is the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Definition
a system of membranes in a cell's cytoplasm that transports proteins and produces lipids
Term
What is a MITOCHONDRION
Definition
an organelle that breaks down sugar to release energy
Term
What are CHLOROPLASTS
Definition
organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis happens
Term
What is PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Definition
the process where plants and algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make oxygen and sugar
Term
What is CHLOROPHYLL
Definition
a green pigment that is found inside choloplasts that traps the energy from sunlight
Term
What is the GOLGI COMPLEX
Definition
an organelle that helps make and package materials that will be moved out of the cell
Term
What is a VESICLE
Definition
a small sac that surrounds materials to be moves into
Term
What is a LYSOSOME
Definition
an organelle that contains digestive enzymes that destroy worn out or damaged organelles, gets rid of wastes, and protects the cell from foreign materials (these are mainly found in animal cells)
Term
What is a VACUOLE
Definition
an organelle that stores materials in a cell
Term
What are the 3 benefits of being multicellular
Definition
1 - larger size

2 - longer life

3 - more specialization
Term
What is TISSUE
Definition
a group of cells that work together to do a specific job
Term
What is an ORGAN
Definition
a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function
Term
What is an ORGAN SYSTEM
Definition
a group of organs working together to do a specific job
Term
What are ORGANISMS
Definition
living things
Term
Wha is UNICELLULAR
Definition
organism make of just one (1) cell
Term
What is STRUCTURE
Definition
the arrangement of parts in an organism
Term
What is FUNCTION
Definition
the job a specific part does
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