Term
| indications for pulmonary function tests |
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Definition
evaluation for known or suspected respiratory disease
monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment
preoperative pulmonary evaluation
establishment of disability
early detection of COPD in smokers |
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Term
|
Definition
spirometry
lung volume
diffusing capcity
arterial blood gas |
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Term
| capacity is a combination of two or more |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| volume inhaled or exhaled in each breath during quiet breathing |
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Term
| inspiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| maximal volume of air inhaled fromt eh end of quiet inpiration |
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Term
| expiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| maximal volume of air exhaled fromt eh end fo quiet epiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| volume that remains in lungs after maximal exhalation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| vital capacity is ____ or total lung capcity |
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Definition
75 percent
tidal volume +irv+erv |
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Term
| functional residual capacity |
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Definition
| ERV+RV (40 percent of total lung volume) |
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Term
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Definition
| vt+irv (60 percent of tlc) |
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Term
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Definition
| llows one to measure expiratory flows and any volume capcity that doesn't include RV (RV, TLC, FRC) |
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Term
| reference values in spirometry are adjusted for |
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Definition
| age, sex, race and height |
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Term
| reproducibility of spirometery |
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Definition
| should not vary more than 5 percent day, 12 percent week to week adn 15 percent year to year |
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Term
|
Definition
decliens with increasing age at 20-30 ml a year
50-80 ml yr for a smoker |
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Term
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Definition
| in the first secod of a forced vital capcity maneuvver |
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Term
| peak expiratory flow rate |
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Definition
| maximal force flow achieved buring an fvc maneuver |
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Term
|
Definition
| mean forced expiaratory flow during hte middle half of a fvc maneuver |
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Term
| maximal voluntary ventilation |
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Definition
| maximal amount of air expired in 12-15 sconds during repititve maximal inspiratory and expiratory efforts and extraploated to the minute. |
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Term
|
Definition
| helium diulationa nd nitrogen washout as well as body plethysmography |
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Term
| measurment of diffusing capacity |
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Definition
efficiency of gas transfer from mouth to alveolar capillary hemoglobin
reflects sufrace area available for gaas transfer as well as pulmonary red blood cells
thickness is les simporant |
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Term
| reduction in diffusing capacity |
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Definition
| reduced in emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcodosis, pulmonary edema, anemia |
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Term
| increase in diffusing capacity |
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Definition
| polycythemia, alveolar hemorrhage, early heart failrue |
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Term
| maximal inspiratory pressure |
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Definition
| greater than 50 -75 cm water in normals |
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Term
| maximal expiratory pressure |
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Definition
| greater than 80-100 cm water in normals |
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Term
| what reduces the maximal pressures? |
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Definition
| neuromuscular disease and patieents with respiratory muscular fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
deceras in expiratory flows
decrease in FEV1 out of porportion to decreasein FVC
loss initially
TLC is normal or increased due to hyperinflation |
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Term
| examples of obstructive lung disease |
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Definition
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Term
| examples of obstructive lung disease |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
intrinsic, parenchymal disease or extrinsic, extra-parenchymal disease
decreased expiratory flows, normal as a ufunction of volume
decreased tlc |
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Term
| examples of restrictive lung disease |
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Definition
| pulmonary fibrosis, penumonia, neuromuscular disease kyphoscolosis. |
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Term
| pulmonary vascular disease |
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Definition
increased pulmonary aretery pressures
decreased diffusing capacity
spriometry and lung volumes typically normal |
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Term
| example of pulmonary vascular disease |
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Definition
| primar or secondary pulmonary hypertension, embollism, vasculitis |
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Term
| disorders or respiratory drive |
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Definition
abnormal control of breathing
sprometery and lung volumes typically normal |
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Term
| examples of disorders of respiratory drive |
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Definition
| central sleep apnea, Cheyenne Stoeks respiration |
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Term
|
Definition
fixed obstruction, tracheal stricture
variable obtruction tracheal tumor |
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|
Term
| reduced FEV1/FVC is daignostic for |
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Definition
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Term
| reducted FVC with normal ration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| severe obstruction or mixed obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
emphysema
large volumes of isoflow and preseved oxygenation at rest |
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Term
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Definition
smooth concavity on flow volume loop
normal or icnreased lung vlumes
preserved diffusion and resting hypoxemia |
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Term
| parenchymal causes of restriction |
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Definition
| low TLC reduced diffusion and evidence of increased elastic recoil |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inspiraotry mucle weakness
expiratory muscle weakness |
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Term
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Definition
ankylosing spndylitis
kyphoscolosis |
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Term
abnormal diffusion
abnormal gas exchange |
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Definition
pulmonary vascular disease
severe OSA synderome, hypoventilation, other disorders of respiratory drive |
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