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HHD Ch 2, 6 Respiratory Physio
west book
58
Medical
Professional
04/02/2009

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Term
tidal volume
Definition
approximately 500 ml
Term
vital capcity
Definition
big breath
Term
residual volume
Definition
what is lef tint eh lung and has to be pushed out
Term
funcitonal residual volume
Definition
what is left after a normal breath
Term
what is measured by a spriometer
Definition
tidal volume
vital capacity
Term
helium diluation is used to find
Definition
functional residual capacity
Term
body plethysmograph
Definition
a closed box. the patient inspires and takes volume from the box increasing pressire in teh box
Term
tidal volume and vital capacity can be mesured using
Definition
a spirometer
Term
total lung capacity residual volume and functional residual volune need to be measured
Definition
using a plethysmograph or helium dilution
Term
why is helium dilution use helium?
Definition
becaue it is very low solubility
Term
use of the plethysmograph depends on
Definition
Boyle's law
Term
total ventilation
Definition
ventuilation by breath times numebr of breaths
Term
of each 500 ml breath how much reaches alveolar
Definition
150 ml does not reach alveolar
Term
alveolar ventilation
Definition
the amount of fresh inspired air available for gas exchange
Term
tidal volume is a mixture of
Definition
volume from the dead space and alveolar volume
Term
anatomic dead space is
Definition
tough to measure
Term
we can measure alveolar volume by measuring
Definition
volume of co2=alveolar volume times percentage of co2
Term
anatomic dead space ______ with large breaths
Definition
increases
Term
fowler's methiod
Definition
way of measuring anatmoic dead space
Term
anatomic dead space
Definition
area of conducting poriton fo the respiratory system
Term
phsyiological dead space
Definition
area that doesn't do co2 elimination
Term
two dead spaces are almost
Definition
identical, but phsyiological dead space is increased ind isease states
Term
lower regions of the lung ventilate____ than upper
Definition
better
Term
how do we determine which portions ventilate better?
Definition
using xenon gas
Term
anatomic dead space can be measured
Definition
fromt he nitrogen concentraion following a single inspiration of oxygen
Term
phgysiological dead space measured using
Definition
bohr method and the expried co2
Term
02 is carried in the blood in two forms
Definition
dissolved and attached to hemoglobin
Term
dissolved oxygen obeys
Definition
Henry's law, that is the amount dissovled is proportional to the partial pressure
Term
.003 percent by volume 02 in
Definition
blood
Term
heme
Definition
iron prporphyrin compound, this is jointed to the protein globin which consistes of 4 polypeptides
Term
types of chains in globin
Definition
alpha and beta
Term
adult hemoglobin is known as
Definition
A
Term
hemoglobin F
Definition
fetal hemoglobin
Term
Hemoglobin S
Definition
has valine instead of glutamic acid in the beta chains
Term
hemoglobin can have the ferrous_____
Definition
oxidized to the ferric fform by nitrites, sulfonamides and acetanilid
Term
the ferric form of hemoglobin is known as
Definition
methemoglobin
Term
the meaximum amount of O2 that can be comined with Hb is called the
Definition
capacity
Term
90 percent of arterial co2 is in the form of
Definition
bicarbonate
5 percent as carbamine
5 percent dissovled
Term
venous blood co2
Definition
60 percent bicarbonate
30 percent carbamino
10 percent dissolved
Term
like o2, co2 obeys henry's law
Definition
but co2 is much more soluable than 02 dissolved co2 is a significant poriton fo the the co2
Term
carbonic anhydrase
Definition
enzyme located in red blood cells converting carbon dioxide and wter into h2 co3
Term
CO2 curve is _____ to the o2 curve
Definition
steeper and more linear
Term
acidemia
Definition
decrease in blood ph
Term
alkalemia
Definition
increase in blood ph
Term
acidosis
Definition
process that lowers pH
Term
alkalosis
Definition
process that raises pH
Term
acidemia and alkalemia can or cannot coexist
Definition
cannot
Term
acidosis and alkalosis can or cannot coexist?
Definition
can
Term
cellular acidosis
Definition
decreases myocardial contactility, arterial tone, pulmonary cascular resistance
predispose to arrythmias
right shift oxygen binding curve
Term
cellular alkalosis
Definition
predisposes to arrythmias, shifts ohgb curve to the left
causes cerebrocvascular constriction and reduced cerebral blood flow
Term
acid base disturbances can be ____ or _____
Definition
simple or mixed.
Term
With ____ disporders, the pH is isially brought to near normal compensatory mechansism
Definition
simple
Term
examples of simple disorders include
Definition
metabolic acidossi, pH and HCO3 low
metabolic alkalosis ph high and hco3 high
respiratory acidosis ph is low and paco2 is high
respiratory alkalossi ph is high and paco2 high
Term
mixed disorders can include combinations of metabolic disorders or _____-
Definition
combination of metabolic and respiraotry diseases.
Term
metabolic acidosis can be associated with ___ or _____ ion gap
Definition
normal or elevated
Term
anion gap
Definition
difference between na- (cl +hco3)
normal is 10-14
Term
metabolic acidosis associated with elevated anon gap can be caused by a vareity disorders
Definition
Salicylate
Lactic acidosis
Uremia
Methanol ingestion
Paraldehyde ingestion
Ethylene glycol ingestions
Diabetic ketoacidsos
Term
metabolic acidosis associated iwth a normal anion gap
Definition
loss of HCO3
gi proximal colostomy
kidneys proximal renal tubular acidosis
renal tubular disease
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