Term
| In a neuron what fibre comes before the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a neuron what fibre comes after the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the three types of neuron. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call the covering of an axon with a myelin sheath? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the advantage of axons having a myelin sheath |
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Definition
| They are insulated so can transmit impulses faster |
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Term
| When does myelination occur? |
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Definition
| It continues from birth to adolescence |
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Term
| What happens in diseases which destroy the myelin sheath round axons? |
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Definition
| There is a loss of coordination of movement |
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Term
| Name the cells that produce myelin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two roles of glial cells. |
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Definition
| Produce myelin & support neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Junctions between neurons |
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Term
| What is a synaptic cleft? |
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Definition
| The gap between neurons at a synapse |
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Term
| What do we call chemicals that relay the signal across synaptic clefts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are neurotransmitters found in the pre-synaptic neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the vesicles when an electrical impulse arrives at a synapse? |
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Definition
| They release the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| What happens to the neurotransmitter release by pre-synaptic neuron? |
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Definition
| It diffuses across the cleft |
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Term
| What are on the post-synaptic membrane that have a respond to neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give two ways that neurotransmitters are removed from a synaptic cleft. |
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Definition
| Reuptake or breakdown by enzymes |
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Term
| Why must neurotransmitters be removed from the synaptic cleft after the signal has been relayed? |
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Definition
| To prevent continuous stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron |
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Term
| What two types of signal can be relayed at a synapse? |
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Definition
| Excitatory and Inhibitory |
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Term
| What determines whether a signal at a synapse will be excitatory or inhibitory? |
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Definition
| The receptors on the post-synaptic membrane |
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Term
| Why would a weak signal be filtered out by a synapse? |
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Definition
| If not enough neurotransmitter was released the impulse would not be sent onto th post-synaptic neuron. |
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Term
| How could several weak impulses trigger a signal in the post-synaptic neuron? |
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Definition
| By summation - collectively they release enough neurotransmitter to reach the threshold |
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Term
| Which type of neural pathway allows weak signals to be passed on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the neurotransmitters that stimulate nerons involved in reducing the intensity of pain |
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Definition
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Term
| increased levels of which neurotransmitters are linked to the feelings of pleasure obtained from activities such as eating, sex and prolonged exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| which neurotransmitter induces feelings of pleasure and reinforces particular behaviour by activating the reward pathway in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| which pathway involves neurons which secrete or respond to dopamine, it is activated by beneficial behaviour e.g. eating when hungry? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of drugs are chemicals that bind to and stimulate specific receptors, mimicking the action of a neurotransmitter at a synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which drugs are chemicals that bind to specific receptors, blocking the action of a particular neurotransmitter at a synapse? |
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Definition
| antagonist / antagonistic |
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Term
| Other than agonistic drugs how can the effect of a neurotransmitter at a synapse be enhanced for treatment of a neurotransmitter disorder? |
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Definition
| inhibit reuptake or inhibit enzyme degradation of the neurotransmitter |
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Term
| Name four aspects of an individual that can be affected by recreational drugs |
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Definition
| mood, cognition, perception, behaviour |
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Term
| What type of recreational drugs cause addiction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of recreational drugs cause drug tolerance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of recreational drugs causes sensitisation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of recreational drugs causes desensitisation? |
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Definition
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