Term
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Definition
| first stage in cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| sugar that is broken down into pyruvate |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown product of sugar; broken down into an acetyl group |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of phosphate group from ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| adenosine diphosphate; molecule that is phosphorylated to produce ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| adenosine triphosphate; molecule used for energy transfer in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| uses two ATP molecules for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates in glycolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| produces four ATP molecules in glycolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that remove hydrogen ions and electrons from their substances and pass them onto NAD; important in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| coenzyme that combines with hydrogen ions and electrons released in glycolysis and citric acid cycle and transports them to the electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by breakdown of pyruvate; joins with oxaloacetate to form citrate in the citric acid cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that carries acetyl groups to the citric acid cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| second stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the matrix of mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| cell organelle in which the aerobic stages of respiration occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| central cavity of a mitochondrion; location of the citric acid cycle occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| released as a waste product from citric acid cycle |
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Term
| inner membrane of mitochondria |
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Definition
| location of the electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
| group of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria; final stage of cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| particles that yield energy as they pass through an electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
| pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondria, then flow back through ATP synthase |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane bound enzyme that synthesises ATP when hydrogen ions flow through it, down their concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| combines with hydrogen ions and electrons to make water |
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Term
| DNA replication, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission |
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Definition
| cellular processes which require energy |
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