Term
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Definition
| All genes that confer a growth advantage to tumor cells |
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Term
| What are passengers genes? |
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Definition
| Mutations in passengers genes are not conferring any growth advantage |
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Term
| How could we overcome resistance of cancer cells to death? |
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Definition
| Proapoptotic drugs, BH3 mimetics |
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Term
| How could we overcome deregulating of cellular energetics in cancer cells? |
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Definition
| Aerobic glycolisys inhibitors |
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Term
| How could we overcome sustaining prolifirative signaling in cancer cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How could we overcome evading of growth supressors in cancer cells? |
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Definition
| Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors |
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Term
| How could we overcome avoiding of immune response in cancer cells? |
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Definition
| Immune activating anti-CTLA4 mAb |
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Term
| How could we overcome enabling replication immortality in cancer cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How could we overcome tumor promoting inflamation in cancer cells? |
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Definition
| Selective anti-inflamatory drugs |
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Term
| How could we overcome active invasion and metastasis in cancer cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How could we overcome inducing angiogenesis in cancer cells? |
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Definition
| Inhibitors of VEGF signaling |
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Term
| How could we overcome genome instability and mutations in cancer cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What leads translocation of Bcr-Abl Genes to? |
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Definition
| The translocation occurs between chromosomes 9 and 22, it rearrangement of genomic material creates a fusion gene call Bcr-Abl that produces a protein (tyrosine kinase) thought to promote the development of leukemia.Constitutively active oncogene |
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Term
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Definition
| ABL1 (Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase |
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Term
| How bcr-abl can lead to cancer? How Gleevec works? |
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Definition
| Bcr-abl binds ATP and transfers phosphate from ATP onto specific tyrosine residues of substrate proteins. And it's these substrate proteins that induce all the phenotypic abnormalities we see in CML. Gleevec blocks binding of ATP to Bcr-abl. |
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Term
| PINGO: What does TCGA mean? |
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Definition
| The cancer genomic atlas and an initiative of the American National Institute of Cancer (NCI) |
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Term
| PINGO: main feature of TCGA |
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Definition
With over 900 Terabytes of data, it is currently the largest genomic project
Data does not only include genome sequences, but routinely also RNA-Seq and methylation data
The data is publicly available |
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Term
| What are three main steps of Illumina sequencing? |
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Definition
| Library preparation, cluster generation and sequencing |
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Term
| Outline the steps of Ilumina sequencing |
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Definition
| 1) Destroy DNA with ultrusound 2) Exonuclease and polymerase to make ends blind 3) Add A and adapters 4) Extract fragments 200-500 bp long with gel 5) PCR with primers to adapters 6) Generate clusters on flow cell with brodge amp 7)Nick and get oosDNA 8) Fluorophores 9) |
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Term
| Two sources of genome annotation are... |
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Definition
| comparative and functional |
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Term
| PINGO: What statements regarding the Philadelphia chromosome are correct? |
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Definition
It is a rare reciprocal translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)+
+It is a reciprocal translocation leading to the Bcr-Abl fusion gene
It leads to the constitutive expression of the Bcr gene
+It carries the Bcr-Abl fusion, leading to the expression of a constitute active tyrosine kinase |
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Term
| Which statements regarding the Illumina sequencing platform are correct? |
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Definition
| It is currently the dominating platform for Next-Gen Sequencing |
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Term
| Illuminas HiSeq X Ten machine |
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Definition
+was released in January 2014
+is able to sequence human genomes for 1000 Dollar (excluding analysis and overheads)
+ten machines can sequence more than 18000 human genomes per year |
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Term
| What is the main reason to sequence the genome or exome of a normal tissue (germline control) in addition to the cancer sample from a patient? |
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Definition
| Because it allows to distinguish mutations that occurred during the emergence of the cancer from germline mutations |
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