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HESI
Hesi Review
111
Health Care
Graduate
02/06/2008

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
BUN
Definition

10 - 20  RATIO 1:20 

BLOOD UREA NITROGEN

FORMED IN THE LIVER AS AN END PRODUCT OF PROTEIN METABOLISM

DIRECTLY RELATED TO METABOLIC FUNCTION OF LIVER AND EXCRETORY FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS

#2 CHOICE FOR DETERMINING KIDNEY FUNCTION

 

Term
CREATININE
Definition

.6 - .12 

BREAK DOWN OF CREATINE PHOSPHATE IN MUSCLE THAT HAPPENS CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY - IF THE GFR IS INADEQUATE AND RENAL CLEARANCE IN INTERRUPTED CREATINE BLOOD LEVELS INCREASE.

#1 INDICATOR FOR RENAL FUNCTION

BUN/CREATININE RATIO 1:20

 

NOT AFFECTED BY DEHYDRATION, MALNUTRITION OR HEPATIC FUNCTION

Term
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Definition

REFLECTS THE KIDNEYS ABILITY TO DILUTE OR CONCENTRATE URINE.

INCREASES WITH DEHYDRATION

DECREASES WITH FLUID OVERLOAD (RENAL INSUFFICIENCY)

Term

CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA

Definition

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

BONE DISEASE

PROLONGED IMMOBILIZATION

EXCESS CALICIUM SUPPLEMENTS

Term

S/S OF HYPERCALCEMIA

Definition

MUSCLE WEAKNESS (PROLONGED EXCITATION)

CONSTIPATION

ANOREXIA

N/V

POLYURIA (TO EXCRETE EXCESS CA+)

POLYDIPSIA (FROM LOSS OF FLUIDS FROM INCREASED URINARY CLEARANCE)

NEUROSIS (MENTAL IMBALANCE THAT CAUSES DISEASE - DOESNT AFFECT RATIONAL THOUGHT)

SHORT QT INTERVAL

WIDENED T WAVE

Term
CALCIUM
Definition

NORMAL VALUE 9 - 11

BONE FORMATION - MUSCLE CONTRACTION - NERVE AND BRAIN FUNCTION - RELEASE OF HORMONES

PTH & VIT D REGULATE CA+ IN BODY

HYPERCA+ = THYROID PRODUCES CALCITONIN

HYPOCA+ = PARATHYROID PRODUCES PTH

Term

S/S OF HYPOCALCEMIA

Definition

DIARRHEA

NUMBNESS

TINGLING OF EXTREMITIES (EARLIEST S/S)

CONVULSIONS

POSSITIVE TROUSSEAUS SIGN (CARPAL SPASM FROM BP CUFF)

CHVOSTEKS SIGN (FACIAL SPASM FROM TAPPING THE ZYGOMA)

HYPERREFLEXIA

TATANY

PROLONGED ST INTERVAL

Term

CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA

Definition

HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

RENAL FAILURE (PHOSPHATE RETENTION CAUSES CA+ EXCRETION)

PANCREATITIS

ALKALOSIS

MALNUTRITION - HYPOMAGNESIA

Term

CAUSES OF HYPONATREMIA

Definition

DIURETICS

DIAPHORESIS

GI FLUID LOSS

Term

CAUSES OF HYPERNATREMIA

Definition

DIABETES INSIPIDUS

HYPERVENTIALTION

WATERY HIARRHEA

RENAL FAILURE

CUSHINGS SYNDROME

Term

S/S OF HYPONATREMIA

Definition

ANORIEXA, N/V

WEAKNESS, LETHARGY

CONFUSION - SEIZURES

MUSCLE CRAMPS, TWITCHING

Term
SODIUM
Definition
NORMAL VALUE 135 - 153
Term

S/S OF HYPERNATREMIA

Definition

THIRST

HALLUCINATIONS - SEIZURES

IRRITABILITY

Term

CAUSES OF HYPOKALEMIA

Definition

DIURETICS

DIARRHEA

 VOMITING

GASTRIC SUCTION

HYPERALDOSTERONISM

AMPHOTERICIN B

BULIMIA

CUSHINGS

Term

S/S OF HYPOKALEMIA

Definition

ANOREXIA, N/V

MUSCLE WEAKNESS

DECREASED GI MOTILITY

FLAT T WAVES

DYSRHYTHMIAS

Term
POTASSIUM
Definition
NORMAL VALUES 3.5 - 5.3
Term

S/S OF HYPERKALEMIA

Definition

DIZZINESS 

MUSCLE WEAKNESS/CRAMPS

BRADYCARDIA

FLASSID PARALYSIS

TALL TENTED T WAVES

Term

CAUSES OF HYPERKALEMIA

Definition

OLIGUIRA

ACIDOSIS

RENAL FAILURE

ADDISONS

MULTIPLE BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS

Term

TREATMENT FOR HYPERKALEMIA

Definition

50% GLUCOSE WITH REGULAR INSULIN

CALCIUM GLUCONATE (PROTECT THE HEART)

KAYEXELATE (FLUSH OUT THE K+)

LOOP DIURETICS

Term
MAGNESIUMN
Definition

NORMAL VALUES 1.5 - 2.5

 

HYPERMAGNESEMIA = DECREASED DEEP TENDON REFLEXES

 

HYPOMAGNESEMIA = NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILITY

Term
PHOSPHORUS
Definition

NORMAL VALUES 2 -4

 

INVERSE RELATIONSHIP WITH CALCIUM

Term
PNEUMONIA
Definition

- INFLAMMATION OF THE LOWER RES TRACT

- BACTERIAL = FEVER

- CAUSE LIKELY FROM ASPIRATION

- BRONCHIAL BREATH SOUNDS HEARD OVER CONSOLIDATION

- ELDERLY = CONFUSED, ANOREXIA

 

Term
PENICILLINS
Definition

"CILLIN"

- ANAPHYLAXIS 

- SUPERINFECTION

- DECREASED BCP'S

- GRAM POSITIVE

- PENICILLIN G ON EMPTY STOMACH

Term
PENICILLIN COMBO DRUGS
Definition

ZOSYN

TIMENTIN

URASYN

Term
TETRACYCLINES
Definition

"CYCLINE"

 

- PHOTOSENSITIVITY

- NO ANTACIDS OR MILK

- CAUSES DISCOLORATION OF TEETH AND BONES

Term
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Definition

"SULFATE"

VANCOMYCIN

FLAGYL

- NEPHRO TOXICITY

- OTTO TOXICITY

Term
CEPHALOSPORINS
Definition

"CEF" OR "CEPH"

 

- THROMBOPHLEBITIS

- GI DISTRESS

- SUPER INFECTIONS

- SAME REACTIONS AS PCN

Term
MONOBACTAM
Definition

AZACTAM

 

- MOST EFFECTIVE ON GRAM NEGATIVE

- SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS (NEURO, RENAL AND HEPATIC)

Term
MACROLIDES
Definition

"THROMYCIN"

- VESICANT

- CLARITHORMYCIN (BIAXIN) = TX H.PYLORI - GIVE WITH FOOD

- AZITHROMYCIN (ZITHORMAX) = EMPTY STOMACH

- S/E = PSUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, PHLEBITIS, SUPERINFECTION, DYSPNEA

Term
COPD
Definition

- INCLUDES EMPHYSEMA, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND ASTHMA

- HYPOXIC DRIVE BREATHING - TOO MUCH 02 CAN KILL THEM

- STEROIDS, BRONCHODILATORS, HUMIDIFIED AIR

- CHRONIC SIGN OF INADEQUATE O2 = CLUGBBING OF FINGERNAILS - LATE SIGN CLUBBING OF FINGERS

- GIVE MECHANICALLY SOFT DIET = DECREASES O2 DEMAND

Term
 pH
Definition
7.35 - 7.45
Term
PCO2
Definition

35 - 45

 

 

Term
PO2
Definition
80 - 100
Term

HCO3

Definition
22 - 26
Term
CANCER OF LARYNX
Definition

- EARLY SIGNS HOARSNESS

- TONGUE AND MOUTH WHITE, GRAY, DARK BROWN OR BLACK AND PATCHY

- MEDICAL ALERT BRACELET IF LARYNGECTOMY

- KEEP LARYNGEAL AIRWAY HUMIDIFIED AT ALL TIMES OR SECRETIONS BECOME THICK & CRUSTY

- SPEECH REHAB - ESOPHAGEAL SPEECH

- #1 POST OP RISK = BLEEDING AND OCCLUSION

- PT MAY HAVE FEAR OF CHOCKING - CANNOT COUGH - TEACH GLOTTAL STOP (TAKE DEEP BREATH, OCCLUDE TRACH TUBE, COUGH AND REMOVE FINGER FROM TUBE AT THE SAME TIME)

Term
TB
Definition

- GHONS LESIONS

- POSITIVE 10MM +

- CLIENT CAN RETURN TO WORK AFTER 3 NEGATIVE SPUTUM CULTURES

- INH - GIVE VIT B6 (PYRIDOXINE) TO COUNTERACT NERUPATHIES

- RIFAMPIN - ORANGE BODY FLUIDS

- ETHAMBUTOL = VISON PROGLEMS

- TEBRAZID

Term
LUNG CANCER
Definition

- DRY HACKING COUGH INITIALLY

- PNEUMONECTOMY - NO CHEST TUBE

- LOBECTOMY - POSITION ON BACK OR NOT OPERATIVE SIDE

- REPORT > 100ML OF DRAINAGE/HR

- CHEST TUBE D/C'D PUT TUBE IN CONTAINER WITH STERILE SALINE OR WATER

- RADIATION - WEAR SOFT COTTON GARMENTS

- USE BRONCHODILATORS BEFORE STEROID INHAILERS

Term
PEAK AND TROUGH
Definition

TROUGH DRAWN IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE NEXT DOSE

 

PEAK DRAWN 30 MIN AFTER THAT DOSE

Term
BETA BLOCKERS
Definition

"OLOL"

 

DECREASE HEART RATE

DECREASE CONTRACTILITY

DONT USE WITH COPD, ASTHMA OR RENAL FAILURE

Term
ACE INHIBITORS
Definition

"IL"

CATOPRIL

DONT USE WITH CHF PATIENTS - BRONCHIAL CONSTRICTION

Term
NEUROGENIC BLADDER
Definition
NERVES FROM BLADDER TO BRAIN DONT WORK - CANT CONTROL, HOLD OR RELEASE URINE
Term
MOST COMMON COMPLICATION OF NEURGENIC BLADDER
Definition
INFECTION FROM STASIS OF URINE
Term
CELIAC DISEASE
Definition
GI DISEASE THAT DAMAGES THE SMALL INTESTINES AND PREVENTS ABSORBTION OF NUTRIENTS FROM FOOD.
Term
CELIAC DISEASE RECOMMENDED DIET
Definition

NO PROTEIN (GLUTEN)

FOUDN IN WHEAT, RYE, BARLEY

Term
DIGOXIN TOXICITY RISK FACTORS
Definition

HYPOKALEMIA

HYPOMAGNESEMIA

HYPERCALCEMIA

Term
OSTEOMYELITIS
Definition

BACTERIAL INFECTION IN THE BONE

Term
CK-MB
Definition

ONSET = 2 - 4 HRS

PEAK = 12 - 20 HRS

DURATION = 2 - 3 DAYS

Term
TROPONIN
Definition

ONSET = 1 HR

PEAK = 10 - 24 HRS

DURATION = 5 - 14 DAYS

Term
ALDOSTERONISM
Definition
ADRENAL GLANDS ON TOP OF KIDNEYS PRODUCE TOO MUCH ALDOSTERONE = RETAINS NA+ AND K+
Term
MYOBLOBIN
Definition

ONSET = 1 - 4 HRS

PEAK = 4 - 8 HRS

DURATION = 24 HRS

Term
KIDNEYS
Definition

EXCRETE 1ML/KG = 1 - 2 L/DAY

FILTER 1 L OF BLOOD / MIN

Term
ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS
Definition

ADDISONS = DECREASED = HYPOTENSIVE

CUSHINGS = INCREASED = HYPERTENSIVE

Term
MYEXEDEMA
Definition
SKIN AND TISSUE DISORDER FROM SEVERE PROLONGED HYPOTHROIDISM
Term
H2 ANTAGONISTS
Definition
BLOCK HISTAMINE CELLS TO DECREASE GASTRIC ACID PRODUCTION ESPECIALLY AT NIGHT (90%)
Term
STOMATITIS
Definition
INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOSAL LINING OF THE MOUTH (FUNGAL INFECTION) COMMON WITH CANCER PATIENTS
Term
TPN
Definition

MONITOR GLUCOSE LEVELS

PREVENT AIR EMBOLISM BY PUTTING HEAD DOWN - DO VALSALVA MANEUVER WHEN CHANGING TUBING OR CAP

> 20% GLUCOSE GIVE IN CENTRAL LINE

TPN & PPN MUST HAVE INLINE FILTER TO REMOVE CRYSTALS

TPN WITH LIPIDS USE 1.2" FILTER

WITHOUT LIPIDS USE .22" FILTER

TPN RUNS OUT GIVE 10% GLUCOSE

 

Term
SCLERODERMA
Definition

COLLAGEN LESIONS IN SKIN AND ORGANS

FATAL

KEEP PATIENT WORM

Term
HUNTINGTONS DISEASE
Definition

NEUROLOGICAL DEGENERATIVE DIEASE

INHERITED PROGRESSIVE

NO TREATEMENT

NEED 2 -3 X NORMAL CALORIES

Term
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Definition

SUDDEN PIERCING UNILATERAL PAIN IN MAXILLARY AND MANDIBLE

TX = TEGREATOL (SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER)

Term
BELLS PALSY
Definition
UNILATERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS
Term
GASTROSTOMY (PEG) TUBE
Definition
CLIENT SHOULD BE IN SEMI FOWLERS OR FOWLERS WHEN RECEIVING FOOD
Term
THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Definition

PAIN WITH EXERTION

RELEIVED WITH REST AND ELEVATION

Term
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Definition

EARLY SIGN IS NOCTURIA

PRERENAL - HYPOVOLEMIA (DECREASED PEFUSION)

INTRARENAL = RENAL INJURY

POST RENAL - OBSTRUCTION (TUMOR)

NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS = SALICYLATES, ANTIBIOTICS & NSAIDS

OLIGURIC PHASE = WATER RETENTION (INCREASED BUN, CREATININE, K+ & SPEC GRAV / DECREASED NA+ & PH)

DIURETIC PHASE = HYPOVOLEMIA (>10L/DAY OUTPUT) DECREASED K+, NA+, & SPEC GRAV

RECOVERY PHASE - LAB VALUES NORMAL

DIET = DECREASED PROTEIN, NA+,K+ & PH+ - HIGH CARB/CAL - MOD FAT

Term
OLIGURIA
Definition
URINE OUTPUT OF 100 - 400ML/DAY
Term
ELECTROLYTES
Definition

NA+ & CHL- = EXTRACELLULAR

K+ & PH+ = INTRACELLULAR

Term
ANURIA
Definition
LESS THAN 100ML OR URINE PER DAY
Term
GLOMULER FILTRATION RATE
Definition

INDICATOR FOR PROTEIN NEEDS

LOSS OF TOO MUCH PROTEIN = NEGATIVE NITROGEN BALANCE = MUSCLE WASTING

Term
ESRF - END STAGE RENAL FAILURE
Definition

S/S = AMMONIA BREATH, METTALIC TASTE, PROTEINURIA, HEMATURIA, DISURIA

GIVE CALCIUM OR ALUMINUM ANTACIDS TO GET RID OF ACCUMULATING PH

DO NOT GIVE MAGNESIUM BASED ANTACIDS

COMLICATIONS: ANEMIA, RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY, METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, HTN, INFECTION

Term
AZOTEMIA
Definition
RETENTION OF EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS OF NITROGEN
Term
RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY
Definition
ABNORMAL CA+ METABOLISM CAUSES BONE PATHOLOGY
Term
HEMODIALYSIS
Definition

CAN RESULT IN BLOOD LOSS

POSSIBLE ______ IMBALANCE

LESS GLUCOSE THAN PERITONEAL

Term
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Definition

POSSIBLE PROTEIN LOSS

INCREASED GLUCOSE - RISK FOR HYPERGLYCEMIA

Term
KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
Definition

"WET" SOUNDS IN LUNGS = INFECTION

SPLINT TO COUGH

Term

UTI

Definition

MOST COMMON CAUSE = E. COLI

DX: CLEAN CATCH, INTRAVENOUS PYLEOGRAM, CYSTOGRAM, CYSTOSCOPY

VOID Q 2-4 HRS

SITZ OR WARM BATH FOR COMFORT

Term
INTRAVENOUS PYELEOGRAM
Definition
CHECKS KIDNEY FUNCTION
Term
CYSTOGRAM
Definition
CHECKS BLADDER FUNCTION
Term
CYSTOSCOPY
Definition
CHECKS FOR BLADDER OR URETHRAL ABNORMALITIES
Term
RENAL CALCULI
Definition

MOIST HEAT FOR PAIN

ATC PAIN MEDS

FLANK PAIN = KIDNEYS OR UPPER URETER

PAIN RADIATING TO ABDOMEN OR SCROTOM = URETER OR BLADDER

EXCRUTIATING, SPASTIC PAIN = COLIC

Term
PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROSTOMY
Definition

INJECTION OF SUBSTANCE TO BREAK UP STONE

LITHOTRISPY = ULTRASOUND WAVES TO BREAK UP CLOTS

Term
ARDS LAB ACID BASE VALUES
Definition

HYPOXEMIA/HYPERCAPNIA =

PA02 = <55

PCO2 =  >45

Term
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE
Definition
SYSTOLIC = DIASTOLIC (2) / 3
Term
HBG NORMAL VALUE
Definition
12 - 17
Term
HVT NORMAL VALUE
Definition

36% - 51%

HBG:HCT RATIO = 1:2

Term
THIASIDE DIURETICS
Definition
K+ SPARING
Term
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
Definition
K+ WASTING
Term
LOOP DIURETICS
Definition
K+ WASTING
Term
COLON CANCER
Definition

RIGHT SIDE = COLICY PAIN

LEFT SIDE = PENCIL LIKE STOOLS

Term
TURP
Definition

POST OP = CONTANT BLADDER IRRIGATION

INCREASE THE RATE OF IRRIGATION IF BRIGHT RED BLOOD

SHOULD RETURN TO NORMAL COLOR IN 4 DAYS

PAIN WITH URINATION AND SPASM FOR 1 WK

TX BLADDER SPASMS WITH B&O SUPPOSITORIES, DITROPAN

Term
BPH (BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY)
Definition

NO SX TX: COUDE TOP CATHETER

SX TX: TURP

Term
MULTIPLEMYELOMA
Definition
MALIGNANT PROLIFERATION OF PLASMA CELLS AND TUMORS IN THE BONE
Term
HODGKINS LYMPHOMA
Definition

REED STERNBERG CELLS

AFFECTS LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN & LIVER

OCCURS IN YOUNG PEOPLE

Term
WHICH PATIENT COULD LIKELY EXPERIENCE A PAINLESS MI
Definition
ONE WITH DIABETIC NERUOPATHY
Term
ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY
Definition
BILATERAL - RED, SHINY, COOL TO THE TOUCH, HAIRLESS, USUALLY LATERAL LOWER LEG TOES AND HEELS, INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, PALLOR ON ELEVATION, RUBOR WHEN DEPENDENT, PULSES DECREASED OR ABSENT - SHARP PAIN WITH WALKING AND ELEVATION BUT WANT THEM TO WALK  - RELEIVED WITH REST - REST PAIN RELIEVED BY DEPENDENT POSITION
Term
VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
Definition
UNILATERAL - BROWN PIGMENT AROUND ANKLES - CYANOTIC WHEN DEPENDANT - WARM - NORMAL PULSES - PERSISTENT, ACHINIG, FULL FEELING, DULL SENSATION, PAIN RELIEVED WHEN ELEVATED.
Term
ENDOCARDITIS
Definition
COMMON CAUSE = RHEUMATIC FEVER - RISK FOR EMBOLI FROM VEGITATION BREAKING OFF - PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS FOR DENTAL CARE - S/S = FLULIKE AND NIGHT SWEATS - RISK FACTORS - IV DRUG USERS.
Term
PERICARDITIS
Definition
S/S = SUDDEN SHARP, SEVERE PAIN - ST ELEVATION AND T WAVE INVERSION - AGGRAVATED BY BREATHING LEAN FORWARD TO DECREASE PAIN (FRICTION RUB)
Term
COR PULMONALE
Definition
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH RIGHT SIDED HF
Term
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
Definition
MONITOR FOR A FIB WITH THROMBUS FORMATION - VALVE REPLACMEENT - LIFELONG ANTICOAGS -
Term
DRUGS FOR BRADYCARDIA AND DECREASED BP
Definition
ISOPREL - DOPAMINE - EPINEPHRINE - ATROPINE
Term
HIATAL HERNIA
Definition
PORTION OF THE STOMACH INTO THE CHEST THROUGHT THE ESOPHAGEAL HAITUS OF TH DIAPHRAGM  - SLIDING HERNIA MOST COMMON TYPE - DETERMINE IF MI OR HERNIA - RISK FOR ASPIRATION -
Term
PORTION OF THE STOMACH INTO THE CHEST THROUGHT THE ESOPHAGEAL HAITUS OF TH DIAPHRAGM  - SLIDING HERNIA MOST COMMON TYPE - DETERMINE IF MI OR HERNIA - RISK FOR ASPIRATION -
Definition
INCOMPETENT LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
Term
PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
Definition
ULCERATION THAT PENETRATES THE MUCOSAL WALL OF THE GI TRACT - GASTRIC ULCERS OCCUR IN THE LESSER CURVATURE OF THE STOMACH - H. PYLORI MOST COMMON CAUSE - S/S BLECHING, BLOATING , EPIGASTRIC PAIN RADIATING - MONITOR FOR BLOOD IN STOOL - GIVE MEDS 1 - 2 HRS AFTER MEALS AND AT BEDTIME - MUCOSAL AGENTS AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE MEALS - RISK FOR DUMPING SYNDROME POSTOP
Term
DUMPING SYNDROME
Definition
VERTIGO, SYNCOPE, SWEATING, PALLOR, TACHY - EXACERBATED BY CONSUMING IQUIDS WITH MEALS - LYE DOWN AFTER EATING - SEEN WITH HYPERTONIC TUBE FEEDING
Term
CHRONS DISEASE
Definition
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF ENTIRE INTESTINAL MUCOSASE - S/S = CHRONIC DIARRHEA - ABD PAIN UNRELEIVED BY DEFECATION - WEIGHT LOSS - CONSTANT FLUID LOSS - PERFORATION OF INTESTINS -  - DIET: HIGH PROTEIN, CALORIE (NO RESIDUE, DAIRY, SPICY FOODS) LOW FAT - VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS AND IRON - AVOID COKES, PEPPER, ALOCHOL, SMOKING - TX STEROIDS, ANTIDARRHEALS, SULFASALAZINE (AZULFIDINE) - WEIGH TWICE A WEEK  - MONITOR IF OPIOIDS USED (DECREASED MOTILITY CAN LEAD TO INTESTNIAL PERFORATION.
Term
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Definition
DISEASE OF THE SUPERFICIAL MUCOSA OF COLON  BOWEL EVENTUALLY NARROWS - OCCURS IN LARGE BOWEL  AND RECTUM
Term
DIVERTICULOSIS
Definition
POUCHES IN INTESTINES - PAINLESS UNTIL INFECTED - LEFT LOWER QUADRANT PAIN , FLATUS, RECTAL BLEEDING
Term
DIVERTICULITIS
Definition
SEVERE LOWER ABD PAIN, CRAMPING & DIARRHEA - ACUTE PHASE NPO PROGRESSING TO LIQUIDS - RECOVERY PHASE NO FIBER - MAINTENACE PHASE - HIGH FIGER DIESET WITH BULK FORMING LAXATIVES TO PREVENT POOLING OF FOODS IN POUCHES WHERE THEY CAN GET INFLAMED - AVID NUTS,SEEDS ETC - INCREASE FLUIDS - RUPTURED DIVERTICULA = HEMORRHAGE - TEMPORARY COLOSTOMY AND BOWEL REST FOR 3 MONTHS
Term

BOWEL OBSTRUCTION

Definition

BOWEL OBSTRUCTION - MECHANICAL = DISORDERS OF THE BOWEL (HERNIA, TUMOR, GALLSTONES - BLOCKAGE) - NONMECHANICAL = PARALYTIC ILIEUS - BOWEL SOUNDS HIGH PITCHED EARLY ON - BLOOD GASE IS ALKALOTIC IF HIGH IN SMALL INTESTINES - BLOOOD GAS AS ACIDIC IF IN LOWER BOWEL- NG TUBE - LOW SUCTION  (80MMHG) DOCUMENT OUTPUT Q 8 HRS - ADVANCE TUBE EVERY 2-4 HRS - REPOSITION Q 2 HRS - IRRIGATE WITH AIR ONLY  - S/S CONSTIPATION - THREADY STOOLS , RECTAL BLEEDING

Term
COLORECTAL CANCER
Definition
EARLY SIGN = RECTAL BLEEDING - RISKS OVER 50 - PREVENTION EAT MORE CRUCIFEROUS VEGGIES (CABBAGE, BROCCOLI, CAULIFLOWER, BRUSSEL SPROUTS, CABBAGE, KALE) INCREASE FIBER, MAITAIN AVG BODY WEIGHT - LESS ANIMAL FAT - DIGITAL RECTAL EXAM EVERY YEAR AFTER 40 - STOOL BLOOD TEST EVERY YEAR AFTER 50 - COLONOSCOPY OR SIGMOIDOSCOPY EXAM EVERY 3 - 5 YEARS AFTER 50.
Term
STOMAS
Definition
THE MORE DISTAL THE GREATER THE CHANCE FOR CONTINENCE (SIGMOID) - ILEOSTOMY LIQUID RISK  - POUCH SHOULD HAVE 1/8 INCH CLEARANCE FROM THE STOMA - CHANGE POUCH EVERY 3 - 7 DAYS - EMPTY WHEN 1/3 - 1/2 FULL - DESCNEDING COLON COLOSTOMIES CAN BE IRRIGATED - SAME TIME EACH DAY - WARM WATER (COLD OR HOT CAUSES CRAMPING)
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