Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hormones from adipose tissue |
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Term
| name five "other" endocrine organs (not pancreas or hypothalamus) |
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Definition
| stomach, heart, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, small intestine, endothelium |
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Term
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Definition
| estrogen, corticoids (corticosteroids), vitamin D, cholesterol |
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Term
| name two peptide hormones |
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Definition
| testosterone, glucagon, growth hormone, insulin |
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Term
| what are the differences between peptide hormones and steroids |
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Definition
| peptides are water soluble, made of AA, and don't enter cells;; steroids are not water soluble, made of chol, and cross the cell membrane into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what do amine hormones do; name two properties of them |
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Definition
| affects transcription/affects existing proteins;; water soluble, made of one AA, use extra or intra cellular comm |
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Term
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Definition
| self acting vs. acting on other cells |
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Term
| beta adrenergic receptors play a role in regulatory metabolism; what happens if they are blocked? |
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Definition
| beta blockers account for 5-10% of RMR; blocking them decreases RMR = gain more weight, burn less calories |
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Term
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Definition
| vasoconstrictor, prevents dilation by inhibiting NO |
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Term
| REVIEW charts and diagram |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of response does cortisol cause in relation to glucose? |
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Definition
| up-regulates the gluconeogenesis of AA and FA; increase blood glucose |
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Term
| how does blood flow and oxygen delivery increase at the onset of exercise? (there are three states) |
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Definition
| cardiac dynamic phase (20secs) (more blood pumping past);; hungry RBC arrive from muscle (21+ secs); steady state reached |
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Term
| the concentration of lactate ____________ during the onset of exercise; after sustained exercise the concentration _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| many factors cause EPOC; name five |
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Definition
| muscle protein repair, correcting pH, replenishing PCr and ATP, cooling temperature, high levels of hormone, diaphragm use, resaturation of RBC |
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Term
| what categorizes "heavy exercise" |
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Definition
| use of fast twitch fibers; O2 consumption is still increasing; steady state is not reached |
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Term
| what is the anaerobic threshold |
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Definition
| point where increase in lactate outpaces the norm; where lactate concentration crosses 4mmol/L |
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Term
| list the three layers of the heart from innermost to outermost |
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Definition
| endocardium, myocardium, pericardium |
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Term
| what is the corrected max HR calculation |
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Definition
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Term
| heart rate reserve is calculated by |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between cardiomyopathy and endurance training |
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Definition
myopathy = thin walls, big chamber (more fragile)
training = thick walls, big chamber |
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Term
| what affects stroke volume (list the main four) |
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Definition
| HR, contractility, afterload, preload |
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Term
| equation for stroke volume |
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Definition
| end diastolic volume - end systolic |
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Term
| myocardial O2 uptake equation |
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Definition
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Term
| the equation for Poiseuille's Law is large; what is the simple meaning behind the law? |
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Definition
| as blood vessel size decreases, flow/speed decreases MUCH more |
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Term
| exercise is beginning. what part of nervous system is control while HR is under 100BPM? HR surpasses 101BPM? |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic "taking foot off brake";; sympathetic "foot on accelerator" |
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Term
| angiotensin II acts as a ____________ _________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the major players in vasodilating exercising muscle? |
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Definition
| NO (nitric oxide); prostoglandins; endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors;;; each acts as a backup for the others |
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Term
| equation for mean arterial pressure |
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Definition
| diastolic + (.33)(systolic - diastolic) |
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Term
| when size and fat differences are accounted for, males and females should have the same max O2 uptake... however it is different, why? |
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Definition
| females have less RBC because of their menstruation |
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Term
| running economy/economy of effort |
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Definition
| the efficiency of oxygen consumed at a level of activity; well trained individuals use less oxygen |
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Term
| predictors of endurance performance success |
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Definition
| VO2 max; lactate threshold; economy of effort; percentage of slow twitch muscle fibers |
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