Term
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Definition
| Herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians. |
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Term
| Why did Linnaeus group reptiles and amphibians into the same field? |
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Definition
Two reasons: 1. He felt both groups were foul and loathsome creatures.
2. He was also Swedish not a lot of herpes in northern latitudes. |
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Term
| What does Herpes mean in Greek? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Alexander the Great as a baby was protected by a serpent.
2. The Caduceus (the medical symbol)
3. Medusa of Greek Mythology had hair of snakes.
4. The serpent in the Garden of Eden.
5. Native Americans refer to North America as a Giant Turtle. |
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Term
| What are some large Frog and Salamander eggs being used for? |
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Definition
| They are being used to study embyrological development. |
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Term
| What has made lizards a prominent study organism in behavioral ecology? |
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Definition
| Daytime activity patters and the uses of colors and postures. |
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Term
| Present declines in herp populations noted worldwide may be due to what? |
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Definition
| Increase UV exposure and chemical pollutants. |
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Term
| What are the three orders under Class Amphibia? |
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Definition
1. Order Urodela
2. Order Anura
3. Order Gymnophiona |
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Term
| What is another name for Order Urodela? |
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Definition
Caudata meaning visible tail
The Salamander Order. |
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Term
| Give some characteristics of Order Urdela. |
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Definition
Elongate trunks and tails, usually 4 legs (except sirens)
some are paedomorphic (= neotenic) - sexually mature in "larval" body
Some have lost their lungs allowing for cutaneus respiration. |
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Term
| Another name for Order Anora ? |
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Definition
Salientia meaning without tail.
The Frog and Toad Order |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Order Anura? |
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Definition
Short bodies, Large heads, 4 well developed limbs
May be oviparous - most common- egg laid, hatch, tadpoles, then metamorphos into frog
May be ovoviparious - eggs hatch into small frogs
May be vivivparous - birth into tiny frogs no egg |
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Term
| What belongs to Order Gymnophiona? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Orders under Class Reptilia? |
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Definition
1. Order Testudinea - Turtles
2. Order Squamata - Lizards and Snakes
3. Order Crocodylia - Alligators, Crocs, etc.
4. Order Rynochocephalia - Tuatara or Sphenodon |
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Term
| Key things about Order Testudinea? |
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Definition
| Most have Stout limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles are inside the rib cage. |
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Term
| What does Head shape tell you about members of Order Crocodylia? |
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Definition
| Food Habits - Narrow heads eat fish, while wide heads eat bigger game. |
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Term
| Order Rhynchocephalia are only found in one place, Where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Behavioral Thermoregulation? |
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Definition
| Basically it is the use of the sun or a warm object to provide the best body temp. |
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Term
| Another way of saying Phylogenetic Systematics? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If 2 taxa share the same apomorphy they are what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ancestral traits are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fertilization is external in Cryptobranchidae and maybe Sirenids, via what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A male produce gelatinous matrix with a sperm cap. After it is deposited the female then moves over and picks it up for internal fertilization in some groups. |
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Term
| Family Sirenidae Characteristics. |
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Definition
Long slender bodies, lack a pelvic girdle and hind limbs so only 2 legs.
Fully aquatic, External gills.
Live in slow moving water. |
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Term
| What is special about Siren intermedia? |
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Definition
| If the pond they are living that is drying out they burrow into the mud and avestivate for up to a year within a cocoon to avoid desication. |
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Term
| The two reasons why fertilization thought to be external in Sirens? |
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Definition
1. Cloacal glands involved in producing the spermatophore are not present.
2. Sperm are not present in the oviducts during oviposition season. |
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Term
| What makes up the family Cryptobranchidae? |
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Definition
| Giant Salamanders, and Hellbenders |
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Term
| What does Cryptobranchus mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| This Amphiumidae can reach up to 1 meter ____________ ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What sorts of habitats would you find members of the Plethodontidae Family? |
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Definition
| Subterranean, aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal |
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Term
| What is a distinguishing characteristic of Plethodontidaes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plethodontidaes are ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| This Plethodontidae has aquatic larvae that metamorphose ____________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| This Plethodontidae is permanently aquatic _________ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| This Plethodontidae has terrestrial development ___________ _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What composes the Family of Proteidae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of this family? |
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Definition
| aquatic paedomorphic salamanders with large external gills and caudal fins. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Family Salamandridae is made up of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| This member of the Salamandridae Family has a very elaborate courtship behavior __________ ___________. |
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Definition
| Notophthalmus viridescens |
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Term
| Some members of Family Salamandridae metamorphose to a terrestrial stage called an ____ that can last 1-14 years before they return to water to become an adult. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mole Salamanders make up this Family. |
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Definition
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Term
| This member of the Ambystomatidae has juveniles that so not metamorphose and are known as axolotls ____________ ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some members of this Ambystomatidae group may not metamorphose due to a lack of sufficient iodine in the water, which can inhibit production of hormones permitting metamorphosis __________ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most members of the Ambystomatidae family breed in the early spring and deposite eggs in ponds or slow-moving streams including this member _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| However some members of the Ambystomatidae family breed during the fall and deposite eggs on land near the water, an example of this type would be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eggs of ______ ______ are layed in masses with a gelatinous matrix to protect them. HINT: in the Ambystomatidae family. |
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Definition
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Term
| This green alga may penetrate egg masses _______. |
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Definition
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Term
Hybridization among this group has produced tripoid species that are all female _______ __________-______.
This group has a strange reproductive strategy called __________. |
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Definition
Ambystoma jeffersonianum-laterale
Gynogenesis |
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Term
| Order Gymnophiona is made up of who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Order Anura. |
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Definition
Caudal vertebrae fused to form urostyle
Tails short or absent
Elongated hind limbs
ETC.....
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Term
| Most male members of Order Anura attract a female through vocalization, then hopping on the female and holding on in a grip called _____, then extruding sperm onto the eggs as they are layed |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Ascaphidae represents who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Ascaphidae occur mostly where? |
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Definition
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Term
| These are called tailed frogs but the tail is really used to do what? |
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Definition
| It is an intromittent organ used to place sperm in the female while mating under water. |
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Term
| Family Ascaphidae lack what resulting in the frogs not calling? |
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Definition
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Term
| The unique features of Family Ascaphidae is most likely a result of what? |
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Definition
| They are most likely adaptations to the highly turbulent mountain stream habitat. |
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Term
| Family Pelobatidae is home to this group of frogs _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What protrusion gives these frogs the name spadefoot? |
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Definition
| The well-developed keratinous spadelike tubercle on the metatarsal. |
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Term
| Spadefoots usually emege when? |
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Definition
| Infrequently but usually during heavy rains. |
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Term
| _________ and ______ are explosive breeders that can breed in ephemeral ponds |
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Definition
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Term
| Some desert-adapted spadefoots have development times of 8 days from _______-__________ to ________. |
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Definition
| Egg-laying, Metamorphosis |
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Term
| Family Pipidae is unique among frogs, Why? |
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Definition
| Because they lack a tongue. |
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Term
| Family Pipidae includes Xenopus, also called the _________ ________ frog, which are often sold in the pet trade and used in research. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pipids are totally aquatic and some vocalize from where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Bufonidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Bufonidae lack _________ but have large __________ ________ behind the head |
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Definition
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Term
| Many species of Bufonidae are __________ and Some have skin _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bufonidae eggs are deposited in ___________, and sometimes ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Hylidae represents these ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most members of Hylidae are arboreal and have claw-shaped terminal phalanges which aid in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most Hylids are strong ________ and have large toe discs used for _______ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Some Hylids have reproductive specializationsin which what? |
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Definition
| Eggs, tadpoles, or young are carried on the backs of females, some are covered by a pouch. |
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Term
| Family Microhylidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most Narrowmouth Toads are ________ and only _ species are found in Arkansas. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Dendrobatidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most poison dart frogs are _________ and _________, with eggs deposited on land or in trees |
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Definition
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Term
| Famous as "poison dart Frogs" due to toxic skin of __________, and have bright aposematic coloration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Ranidae is home to who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ranidae mostly lay eggs in ___________ and produce tadpoles that feed on _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A European form of Ranidae called __________ __________ is a hybridogenetic |
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Definition
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Term
| Turtles fall under which order? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal shell of a turtle is called the _______ while the ventral shell is the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Along the axial skeleton of turtles only the ____ and _______ can move. |
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Definition
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Term
| Turtles rely on ________ ________ within the shell to change pressure and ventilate. This is because the ribs are fused and inflexable, thus they cannot breath by flexing the ribs. |
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Definition
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Term
| The __________ and ________ girdles are inside the rib cage this is unique to turtles |
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Definition
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Term
| High-domed shell more common to _________ species, relatively flat and streamlined forms more common to __________ habitats |
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Definition
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Term
| Unlike most reptiles (placed in the ________ due to the presence of two openings in the top back of the skull), turtles lack temporal fenestrae so are called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
_________- the side-necked turtles bend their necks to the side to pull them into the shell
_______- which retract their neck in a verticle plane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some species of turtles may develope siginificant growth of a green alga (_________) that is found almost exclusively on the shell of turtles |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Chelydridae represents who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Snapping turtles tend to ________ along the bottom rather than swim. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ __________ common name Alligator Snapping turtle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Families of Cheloniidae and Demochelyidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea turtles tend to have more strongly developed ___________ which is opposite from most turtles . |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea turtles migrate based on Earth's _____________ ______, have fidelity to specific breeding areas. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Emydidae represents who? |
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Definition
| Land and Freshwater turtles |
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Term
| Most Emydidae are freshwater or semi-aquatic, but this group does include _________ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Testudinidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| The high-domed shells of tortoises may be a result of what? |
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Definition
| An adaptation against predators that try to crack shells |
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Term
| FamilyTrionychidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| The carapace of Trionychidae are very leathery in texture and lack ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Kinosternidae represents who? |
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Definition
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Term
| The plastron of Kinosternidae is often reduced and is singly or doubly hinged (can be bent as in ____________ __________) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sternotherus ordoratus- releases foul smell from cloacal glands. |
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Term
| Order Squamata represents who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Order Squamata artifically is broken down into suborders __________ (lizards) and ____________ (snakes) |
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Definition
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Term
| Squamates share a common trait what is it? |
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Definition
| They have well developed copulatory structures called HEMIPENES |
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Term
| The Draco a memeber of Family Agamidae adapted to glide by use of long ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Members of the Family Agamidae often have modified scales to create ____, ________, ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Chamaeleonidae represents who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Many chameleons have head ___________and can change _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chameleon feet are ______________ - adjacent digits fused to form opposable grasping pads. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chameleon eyes move _________ and their bodies are compressed ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family iguanidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Subfamily of Iguanidae that represents Spiny Lizards is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phrynosoma are often erroneously called " ___________ _____" |
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Definition
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Term
| Subfamily of iguanidae that represent anoles is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Green anole (______ ______) found in ARK can be bright greenor brown to grayish, it changes color. |
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Definition
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Term
| Subfamily of Iguanidae that represents the collared lizards is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Gekkonnidae represents who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gekkonidae is sometimes broken into another family(____________) which includes those with eyelids, and are terrestrial |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Teiidae represent who? |
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Definition
| Racerunners and whiptails |
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Term
| This member of the Teiidae family prefers sandy areas (or loose soil), are very fast runners _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Family Scincidae represent who? |
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Definition
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Term
| Skinks typically have smooth, shiny, ______ scales |
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Definition
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Term
| Most skinks in Arkansas are terrestrial but one is somewhat arboreal (___________ ________) |
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Definition
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Term
| What Family do legless lizards belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| An Arkansas member of the Anguidae family is the slender glass snake AKA ________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Komodo Dragon is a member of this Family ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beaded lizards belong to this family ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beaded lizards constitute the world's only __________ lizards |
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Definition
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Term
| Three Subfamilies of Family Colubridae are ________ ______ ______. |
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Definition
Natricinae- water snakes mostly
Colubrinae
Xenodontinae |
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Term
| Families under Order Crocodylia are......? |
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Definition
Family Alligatoridae
Family Crocodylidae |
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Term
| Cobras, mombas, coral snakes belong to this family |
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Definition
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