Term
| the study of the mechanism of heredity is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| diploid number of chromosomes is in all cells except what? |
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Definition
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Term
| diploid number = __ (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes) |
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Definition
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Term
| __ pair of sex chromosomes determines the genetic sex (XX = female, XY = male) |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ pairs of autosomes guide expression of most other traits |
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Definition
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Term
| diploid chromosomal complement displayed in homologous pairs is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| genetic (DNA) makeup; two sets of genetic instructions (maternal and paternal) |
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Definition
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Term
| matched genes at the same locus on homologous chromosomes is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| alleles controlling a single trait are the same is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| alleles for a trait are different is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| an allele that masks or suppresses its (recessive) partner is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| the genetic makeup is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| the way the genotype is expressed is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 sexual sources of genetic variation? |
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Definition
1)segregation and independent assortment of chromosomes
2)crossover of homologues
3)random fertilization of eggs by sperm |
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Term
| during _____________, maternal and paternal chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells |
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Definition
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Term
| gametogenesis occurs during what sexual sources of genetic variation? |
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Definition
| segregation and independent assortment of chromosomes |
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Term
| in segregation and independent assortment, the two alleles of each pair are segregated during what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the number of gamete type = _____, where n is the number of homologous pairs in segregation and independent assortment |
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Definition
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Term
| in a man's testes, 2n = 2 to the 23 power which equals what? |
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Definition
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Term
what sexual sources of genetic variation where?
-genes on the same chromosome are linked
-chromosomes can cross over, forming a chiasma, and exchange segments
-recombinant chromosomes have mixed contribution from each parent |
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Definition
| crossover and genetic recombination |
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Term
| when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm in a random manner is know as? |
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Definition
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Term
| because of independent assortment and random fertilization, an offspring represents one out of what zygote possibilities?________________________ |
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Definition
72 trillion
(8.5 milliion x 8.5 million) |
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Term
| most traits are determined by _____________ or by the interaction of several gene pairs |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 5 types of inheritance? |
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Definition
1)dominant-recessive inheritance
2)incomplete dominance
3)multiple-allele inheritance
4)sex-linked inheritance
5)polygene inheritance |
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Term
| what reflects the interaction of dominant and recessive alleles and a punnett square is used? |
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Definition
| dominant-recessive inheritance |
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Term
| what predicts the possible gene combinations resulting from the mating of parents of known genotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| widow's peaks, freckles, and dimples are examples of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| dominant disorders are uncommon because? |
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Definition
| many are lethal and result in death before the reproductive age |
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Term
| ____________ is caused by delayed-action gene |
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Definition
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Term
| most genetic disorders are inherited as simple recessive traits such as? |
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Definition
| albinism, cystic fibrous, and tay-sachs disease |
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Term
| carries who do not express the trait but can pass it on to their offspring are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| in incomplete dominance, heterozygous individuals have and intermediate phenotype like? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sickle-cell trait (both aberrant and normal Hb are made); can suffer a sickle-cell crisis under prolonged reduction of blood O2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sickle-cell anemia (only aberrant Hb is made; more susceptible to sickle-cell crisis) |
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Term
| genes that exhibit more than two allele forms with ABO blood grouping as an example is know as what type of inheritance? |
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Definition
| multiple-allele inheritance |
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Term
three allelea (IA, IB, i) determine the ABO blood type in humans
IA and IB are ___________(both are expressed if present), and i is recessive |
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Definition
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Term
| inherited traits determined by genes on the sex chromosomes are know as what type of inheritance? |
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Definition
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Term
| x chromosomes bear over over__________ genes which many are used for brain function |
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Definition
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Term
| Y chromosomes carry about _________ genes |
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Definition
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Term
| what are found only on the X chromosome, typically passed from mothers to sons (e.g., hemophilia or red-green color blindness), and are never masked or damped in males (no Y counterpart)? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of inheritance depends on several different gene pairs at different locations acting on tandem? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of inheritance gene results in continuous phenotypic variation between extremes like skin color, eye color, and height? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is used when there is a know risk of a genetic disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| amniotic fluid is withdrawn after the 14th week and fluid and cells are examined for genetic abnormalities is what fetal testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| chorionic villi are sampled and karyotyped for genetic abnormalities in what fetal testing? |
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Definition
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
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Term
| what are example of two fetal testing? |
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Definition
| amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
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